乡村公共资源分配中的圈层结构及村治逻辑

The circle structure and village governance logic in the allocation of rural public resources

国家资源下乡对于乡村建设有着重要的价值,但从现代国家政权建设角度来看,当前乡村公共资源分配中“精英俘获”现象的学术表达——圈层结构,却体现出资源分配的不正义,这也将加重国家自主性与地方自主性的偏离。通过对鄂西南W村实证研究发现,这一结构从分配方式来看,体现为村庄“权力精英”主导分配秩序。从分配原则来看,以再生性利益关系为主,原生性血缘关系为辅。从分配主体结构来看,形成了以村支书、“经济合伙人”等核心向普通能人、普通村民等表层递减的圈层结构。在制度、文化、技术三重因素的共同作用下,塑造了圈层结构的长期稳定“合法”存续。基于工具理性的镇村功利性关系,是其制度基础;村民对发展性谋利的高包容性与逐渐萎缩的公共性,是其文化基础;技术治理中的“合法”俘获手段,是其技术基础。这一结构是当前治理资源、文化网络、治理技术制约下的“权宜之计”。阐明圈层结构现象的学理成因,有助于从制度变革、乡村公共文化建设、治理技术改进等角度,将转型中的乡村社会整合进现代化国家治理体系之中。

The national resources in rural areas has important value for rural development.However,from the perspective of modern state power construction,the circle structure——the academic expression of the phenomenon of"elite capture"in the current allocation of rural public resources,reflects the injustice of resource allocation,which will exacerbate the deviation between national autonomy and local autonomy.Through empirical research on W Village in southwestern Hubei,it found that this structure is reflected as follows:from the perspective of distribution methods,the distribution order are dominated by the village's"power elites";from the perspective of distribution principles,regenerative interests are the main focus,and primary blood relationships are secondary;from the perspective of the distribution subject structure,a circle structure has been formed which decreased from core members such as village branch secretaries and"economic partners"to ordinary capable individuals and ordinary villagers.Under the joint influence of institutional,cultural and technological factors,the long-term stable and legal existence of the circle structure has been shaped.The utilitarian relationship between towns and villages based on instrumental rationality is its institutional foundation;the high inclusiveness of villagers towards development oriented profit and the gradually shrinking publicity are their cultural foundation;the legal means of capture in technological governance are its technological foundation.This structure is a temporary solution constrained by current governance resources,cultural networks,and governance technologies.Clarifying the theoretical causes of the phenomenon of circle structure can help integrate the transforming rural society into the modern national governance system from the perspectives of institutional reform,rural public cultural construction,and governance technology improvement.