2533例儿童社区获得性肺炎支原体感染的流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of 2533 children with community-acquired Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection

目的了解吉林地区三级甲等医院儿童社区获得性肺炎支原体感染的流行病学特征,为该地区防治儿童肺炎支原体感染工作提供依据。方法选取2021年长春中医药大学附属医院收治的2533例呼吸道感染患儿为调查对象,应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测肺炎支原体特异性抗体,将检测出MP-IgM阳性的456例患儿进行流行病学分析。结果2533例患儿中,肺炎支原体感染患儿456例,总感染率为18.00%,春、夏、秋、冬不同季节的患儿感染率分别为25.66%、19.74%、26.97%、27.63%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.105,P=0.069)。不同节气患儿的感染率也不同,冬至3.29%,小寒3.29%,大寒1.31%,立春3.95%,雨水4.61%,惊蛰4.61%,春分3.95%,清明4.61%,谷雨3.95%,立夏3.29%,小满1.31%,芒种1.97%,夏至6.58%,小暑1.97%,大暑4.61%,立秋2.63%,处暑2.63%,白露5.92%,秋分7.24%,寒露3.95%,霜降4.61%,立冬7.89%,小雪1.31%,大雪10.53%,各节气之间发病率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=165.789,P=0.000)。男性与女性患儿肺炎支原体感染率分别为63.16%与36.84%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=31.579,P=0.000)。≤1岁、2~3岁、4~6岁、7~14岁患儿感染率分别为2.63%、30.92%、49.34%、17.11%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=217.105,P=0.000)。结论2021年各季节之间肺炎支原体发病率差异不大,各节气之间肺炎支原体发病率显示气候多变的节气发病率较高。2021年男性患儿的发病率高于女性,各年龄组之间,4~6岁年龄段发病率最高。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of community-acquired Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children in tertiary hospitals in Jilin,To provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children in this region.Methods A total of 2533 children with respiratory infections admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2021 were selected as respondents,Enzyme-linked Mycoplasma pneumoniae(ELISA)was used to detect plasma-specific antibodies,The 456 children detected positive for MP-IgM will be tested for epidemiological analysis.Results Of the 2533 children,456 were infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae,The overall infection rate was 18.00%,The infection rates of children in different seasons in spring,summer,autumn and winter were 25.66%,19.74%,26.97%and 27.63%,respectively.There was no statistically significant difference.(χ^(2)=7.105,P=0.069),Infection rates also vary between children with different solar terms,Winter solstice 3.29%,3.29% in Minor Cold,Major Cold 1.31%,Start of Spring 3.95%,4.61%in rain,The Awakening of Insects 4.61%,the vernal equinox 3.95%,the Qingming Festival 4.61%,the valley rain 3.95%,3.29%on the beginning of summer,small full 1.31%,Mar species 1.97%,summer solstice 6.58%,Slight Heat 1.97%,Major Heat 4.61%,Start of Autumn 2.63%,End of Heat 2.63%,White Dew 5.92%,fall equinox 7.24%,Cold Dew 3.95%,frost drop 4.61%,Start of Winter 7.89%,light snow 1.31%,heavy snow 10.53%,There were significant differences in the incidence between the solar terms,The difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=165.789,P=0.000).The infection rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in male and female children was 63.16%and 36.84%,respectively.The difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=31.579,P=0.000).≤1 years old 2-3 years old,4-6 years old,7-14 years old,The infection rate of the affected children was 2.63%,30.92%,49.34%,and 17.11%,respectively,The difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=217.105,P=0.000).Conclusion There was little difference in Mycoplasma pneumoniae incidence between seasons in 2021,The incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae between the solar terms showed a high incidence of solar terms with variable climate.Male incidence were higher than in females in 2021,Between the age groups,the incidence was highest in the 4~6 age group.