英国职业养老金自动加入机制的改革经验与启示

The Experiences and Insights of the UK Occupational Pension Reform of Automatic Enrolment Mechanism

自动加入机制对扩大职业养老金覆盖面具有重要作用。以英国方案为例,其内容特点包括:政策设计上,追求政策宣传与反馈收集相结合;参与环节上,兼顾覆盖广泛与个体差异;运作过程中,明晰不同主体的权利与义务;平台建设上,注重参与便利性与投资服务有效性。其改革在提高计划参与率、稳定计划退出率、增强计划运作合规性、促进优质职业养老金计划发展等取得良好成效,但在时间成本控制、低收入群体政策倾斜与配套措施推进等方面存在不足。参考英国模式,结合我国企业年金发展现实情况,未来可在政策推广上开展系统化宣教;在参与方式上适度降低准入门槛;在计划运作上优化集合计划发展模式;在系统建设上健全功能版块及互联机制;为自动加入机制改革提供良好氛围、广泛受众、优质载体和坚实保障。

The automatic enrolment mechanism plays an important role in expanding the coverage of occupational pension.Taking the UK scheme as an exampl,its content characteristics include:in policy design,the combination of policy promotion and feedback collection is pursued;In terms of participation,consider both broad coverage and individual differences;During the operation process,clarify the rights and obligations of different subjects;In terms of platform construction,emphasis should be placed on the convenience of participation and the effectiveness of investment services.The reform has achieved good results in increasing the participation rate of the plan,stabilizing the withdrawal rate of the plan,enhancing the compliance of the plan operation,and promoting the development of high-quality occupational pension plans.At the same time,there are shortcomings in controlling time costs,tilting policies for lowincome groups,and promoting supporting measures.Referring to the UK model and taking into account the current development situation of occupational pension in China,in the future,China may carry out systematic publicity and education in terms of policy promotion;In terms of participation methods,moderately reduce the entry threshold;In terms of planning operation,optimize the development mode of collective planning;In terms of system construction,improve functional blocks and interconnection mechanisms;Provide a good atmosphere,wide audience,high-quality carrier,and solid guarantee for the reform of the automatic joining mechanism.