流动人口传染病防治健康教育现状及影响因素分析以——广东省为例

Analysis on the Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Health Education for the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases in Migrant Population Sampled with Guangdong Province

目的:了解流动人口接受传染病防治健康教育的现状并分析其影响因素,为广东省及全国传染病健康教育工作有效开展提供参考依据。方法:基于2018年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测数据,利用卡方检验与二元logistic回归分析广东省流动人口传染病防治健康教育的影响因素。结果:在流入广东省6个月及以上的10000名流动人口中,接受过传染病防治健康教育占39.03%,珠三角地区9360人,初中及以下文化程度为5617人,流动原因为社会因素共651人。多因素分析显示:现居住地为非珠三角地区(OR=0.510,95%CI=0.421~0.619)、就业单位性质为集体企业(OR=0.361,95%CI=0.215~0.605)和其他(OR=0.528,95%CI=0.380~0.734)、主要职业为商业及服务业(OR=0.694,95%CI=0.598~0.806)、生产及运输业(OR=0.715,95%CI=0.617~0.829)和其他(OR=0.689,95%CI=0.537~0.885)、就业身份为无固定雇主的雇员(OR=0.838,95%CI=0.651~1.077)和其他(OR=0.589,95%CI=0.438~0.792)、没有在本地建立健康档案(OR=0.552,95%CI=0.497~0.612)、未签约过家庭医生(OR=0.721,95%CI=0.629~0.827)的流动人口传染病防治健康教育接受率较低。结论:流动人口传染病防治健康教育接受率总体水平低,且教育宣传方式较单一,以宣传资料、宣传栏为主。地区经济差异不利于流动人口传染病防治健康教育资源的均等化。在本地建立健康档案和签约家庭医生是流动人口传染病防治健康教育的有效途径,能够提高流动人口的健康素养和自我保护能力。

Objective To understand the current situation and analyze the influencing factors of health education on infectious disease prevention and control among the migrant population,and provide a reference basis for the effective implementation of health education on infectious disease.Methods Based on the 2018 National Migrant Population Health and Family Planning Dynamic Surveillance Data,the influencing factors of health education on infectious disease prevention and treatment for the migrant population in Guangdong Province were analyzed by using chisquare test and binary logistic regression.Results Of the 10,000 migrants who had been in Guangdong Province for six months or more,39.03%had received health education on the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases,in which 9,360 were in the Pearl River Delta region,5,617 had a education level of secondary school or below,and 651 had the reasons for moving of social factors.Multi-factor analysis showed that the factors caused lower acceptance rate of health education for infectious disease prevention and control among the mobile population were current place of residence of non-PRD,working in a collective enterprise,main occupation of business and service industry,manufacture and transportation,having unfixed employers,having no local health record,and having no signed family doctor.Conclusion The overall acceptance rate of health education on infectious disease prevention and treatment for the floating population was low.And the education and publicity methods were relatively single,mainly as publicity materials and bulletin boards.Regional economic differences were not conducive to the equalization of health education resources for the prevention and treatment of infectious disea-ses among the migrant population.The establishment of local health records and the contracted family doctor are effective ways to provide health education on infectious disease prevention and treatment for the migrant population,and can improve the health literacy and self-protection ability of the migrant population.