刑事证人线上作证的困境及优化路径

The Predicament and Optimization Path of Online Testimony of Criminal Witness

线下出庭对应线上出庭,从线下作证到线上作证的实质,是从物理空间作证到网络空间作证的转移,表现为证人出庭之“庭”从实体法庭转变为虚拟法庭。相比发达的民事案件线上诉讼现状,刑事案件在线诉讼运用审慎、在线作证案例极少。刑事证人线上作证有助于实现诉讼的繁简分流,在节约司法资源、提升诉讼效益方面具有很强的现实意义,但也面临法理支撑不够、制度构建不全、技术保障不强三大困境。推进刑事证人线上作证制度,需要从线上作证的启动规范、出庭规范、权责规范加以构建,并从线上作证的实质隔离、专门机制、区块链存证建设实现技术保障。

Offline court appearance corresponds to online court appearance.The essence of testifying from offline to online is the transfer from physical space to cyberspace,which shows that the"court"of witness appearing in court has changed from a physical court to a virtual court.Compared with the current situation of online litigation in developed civil cases,online litigation in criminal cases is used cautiously and there are few cases of online testimony.Online testimony of criminal witnesses helps to realize the diversion of complexity and simplification of litigation,which has strong practical significance in saving judicial resources and improving litigation efficiency.However,it also faces three dilemmas:insufficient legal support,incomplete system construction and weak technical support.To promote the construction of online testimony system of criminal witnesses,we need to optimize the path from three aspects:legal analysis,system construction and technical support.