心理资本如何促进大学生创业失败学习——基于失败成本与失败宽容双重调节的分析

How does the psychological capital promote the university student to start an undertaking the failure study:Based on the Moderation Effects of Failure Cost and Failure Tolerance

大学生创业失败学习是发挥创业失败的积极效应,帮助创业失败大学生积蓄力量进而连续创业的重要手段,其影响因素与提升路径开始获得学界关注。本文利用632名创业失败大学生问卷调查数据,运用层次分析法探讨了大学生心理资本四个维度(自我效能感、希望、韧性、乐观)对其创业失败学习的影响,并分析了失败成本和失败宽容的双重调节作用。研究发现:(1)自我效能感、希望和乐观正向预测大学生创业失败学习,心理资本对大学生创业失败学习有正向影响;(2)失败成本负向调节希望对大学生创业失败学习的影响,随着失败成本增长,希望对大学生创业失败学习的正向影响显著降低,但对自我效能感、韧性、乐观和大学生创业失败学习的关系没有调节作用;(3)失败宽容正向调节韧性对大学生创业失败学习的影响,但对自我效能感、希望、乐观和大学生创业失败学习的关系没有调节作用,且韧性与大学生创业失败学习的关系比较脆弱,易受外界环境干扰。促进大学生高效开展创业失败学习,需要政府营造宽容失败的创业环境,高校培育大学生心理资本,大学生自身加强创业失败学习准备。

Since learning about entrepreneurial failure is an important means to exploite the positive effect of entrepreneurial failure and help university students with entrepreneurial failure to accumulate strength and continue to start businesses,exploring the influencing factors of university students'entrepreneurial failure learning has become a crucial issue.Based on the questionnaire data of 632 university students with experience of failed entrepreneurship,this paper analyzed the influences of four dimensions of university students'psychological capital(i.e.,self-efficacy,hope,resilience,optimism)on their learning of entrepreneurial failure,and discussed how failure cost and failure tolerance play the dual moderating role.The results indicated that:(1)self-efficacy,hope and optimism positively predict entrepreneurial failure learning,in other words,psychological capital has a positive role in promoting entrepreneurial failure learning;(2)The failure cost negatively moderates the relationship between hope and entrepreneurial failure learning,but it does not moderate the relationship between self-efficacy,resilience,optimism and entrepreneurial failure learning.With the increase of failure cost,the positive impact of hope on entrepreneurial failure learning is significantly reduced;(3)Failure tolerance positively moderates the relationship between resilience and entrepreneurial failure learning,but it does not moderate the relationship between self-efficacy,hope,optimism and entrepreneurial failure learning.In order to promote university students to effectively carry out entrepreneurial failure learning,the government should create an entrepreneurial environment tolerant of failure,colleges and universities should cultivate students'psychological capital,students should strengthen the preparation for entrepreneurial failure learning.