新中国城市蔬菜供应体系变迁的历史考察(1949-1965年)

A Historical Study on the Changes of Urban Vegetable Supply System in New China(1949-1965)

1949年后,特别是1953年“一五”计划实施前后,全国城市人口迅速增长,城市蔬菜供应成为新中国成立后必须解决的重大民生问题。党和政府先是做出了城市郊区农业生产应以蔬菜为中心的决策,采取了重视蔬菜储藏和建立有计划的蔬菜购销体制的措施,接着对城市蔬菜的统购包销制进行了调整;在三年经济困难时期,郊区的蔬菜生产和储藏得到了进一步的强化;在国民经济调整时期,经过实践、比较后,在集体经济基础上对城市蔬菜产销体制进行了改革。至此,新中国的城市蔬菜供应体系基本形成。不断调整的蔬菜产销体制在实践层面促进了党和政府对社会主义制度尤其是计划与市场问题的认识,为此后的改革和发展奠定了重要基础。

After 1949,especially around the implementation of the First Five-Year Plan in 1953,the urban population in China grew rapidly,and the supply of urban vegetables became a major livelihood issue that must be solved after the founding of New China.The Party and government first made the decision that agricultural production in urban suburbs should be centered on vegetables,took measures to attach importance to vegetable storage and establish a planned vegetable purchase and sales system,and then adjusted the unified system of purchase and sales by the state for urban vegetables.During the three-year difficult period,vegetable production and storage in the suburbs were further strengthened.During the period of national economic adjustment,after practice and comparison,the urban vegetable production and sales system was reformed on the basis of collective economy.At this point,the urban vegetable supply system in New China basically took shape.The continuously adjusted vegetable production and sales system promoted the Party and government's understanding of the socialist system,especially the issues of planning and market,in practice,laying an important foundation for subsequent reform and development.