中缅边界谈判与美国的干预及失败(1950一1961年)——基于中、缅、美、英四方档案的历史考察

The Sino-Burmese Border Negotiations and the Intervention and Failure of the United States(1950-1961)——A Historical Study Based on the Archives of China,Myanmar,the United States and Britain

20世纪50年代初期,美国针对中国对中缅边界采取“暂维现状”的方针,主动给予缅甸军事援助并暗中支持缅北国民党军,旨在加强美缅关系的同时遇制中国。然而,随着1953年缅北国民党军问题的发酵和1954年中缅关系的快速发展,美国决定暂停援助缅北国民党军和干预中缅边界问题。1956年《民族报》事件发生后,美国再次利用中缅边界未定状况大肆染“中国扩张论”。为驳斥美国的低毁与宣传,中缅双方迅速开展边界谈判并达成系列共识。此后,中缅双方共同进行勘界工作,并成功击了缅北国民党军残部。事实上,美国对中缅边界问题干预的失败,既源于缅北国民党军问题减少了美方干预的筹码,也是中国主动推进边界谈判进程和缅甸践行中立主义外交的重要结果。而中缅边界问题的解决不仅推动了中缅关系的发展,还相应地削弱了美国在缅甸的影响力。

In the early 1950s,China had adopted a policy of"temporarily maintaining the status quo"'towards the border between China and Myanmar.Therefore,the United States took the initiative to provide military assistance to Myanmar and secretly supported the army of Kuomintang in northern Myanmar,aiming to strengthen US-Myanmar relations while containing China.However,with the fermentation of the army of Kuomintang in northern Myanmar issue in 1953 and the rapid development of China-Myanmar relations in 1954,the United States decided to suspend aid to the army of Kuomintang in northern Myanmar and intervene in the Sino-Burmese border issue.After The Nation incident in 1956,the United States once again used the uncertain situation of the Sino-Burmese border to vigorously promote the theory of"China's expansion".To refute the defamation and propaganda of the United States,China and Myanmar quickly engaged in border negotiations and reached a series of consensus.Afterwards,China and Myanmar jointly carried out boundary demarcation work and successfully defeated the remnants of the army of Kuomintang in northern Myanmar.In fact,the failure of the United States intervention in the Sino-Burmese border issue was not only due to the reduction of US intervention chips in the army of Kuomintang in northern Myanmar issue,but also an important result of China's proactive progress in border negotiations and Myanmar's practice of neutral diplomacy.The resolution of the Sino-Burmese border issue not only promoted the development of China-Myanmar relations,but also correspondingly weakened the influence of the United States in Myanmar.