小三线建设中厂办集体企业研究——以安徽为考察对象

Research on Factory-running Collective Enterprises in the Small Third-Line Construction——Taking Anhui Province as the Research Object

小三线建设中涌现出大量厂办集体企业。安徽是华东地区小三线建设重点地区,其小三线厂办集体企业缘于安置职工家属和保障后勤供应的需要。20世纪70年代初至改革开放前夕是安徽小三线厂办集体企业的早期探索阶段,得益于两个发展契机,一是70年代初“五小”工业的迅速发展,二是“文化大革命”结束后厂办集体企业的大量设立。改革开放初期,安徽小三线厂办集体企业抓住政策机遇,在“母厂”帮助下着力由“小集体”向“大集体”升级发展。厂办集体企业既解决了家属就业问题,又保证了小三线企业后勤供应,还推动了地方经济社会发展,具有深远的历史意义。

A large number of factory-running collective enterprises emerged in the small thirdline construction.As a key area for the small third-line construction in east China,the factory-running collective enterprises in Anhui were due to the need to resettle the families of employees and ensure logistics supply.The early 1970s to the eve of the reform and opening-up were the early exploration stages of Anhui's small third-line factory-running collective enterprises.They benefited from two development opportunities:the rapid development of the small industrial enterprises such as steel,coal mines,non-ferrous metals,cement,and fertilizers in the early 1970s,and the establishment of a large number of factory-running collective enterprises after the end of"the Great Cultural Revolution".In the early stages of reform and opening-up,Anhui's small third-line factory-running collective enterprises seized policy opportunities and focused on developing and upgrading from"small collectives"to"large collectives"with the help of their parent factories".Factory-running collective enterprises not only solved the employment problem of family members,but also ensured the logistics supply of the enterprises,and promoted local economic and social development,which had profound historical significance.