考虑碳交易政策的零售商合作减排策略:融资减排或技术减排

Retailers’emissions reduction strategies under carbon trading policy:Financing emissions reduction or technological emissions reduction

为应对气候变化的严峻挑战,碳减排成为全球的目标与共识.然而,制造企业在碳减排时往往面临资金短缺或技术缺乏的难题,供应链成员间的合作减排是解决该难题的有效途径.基于此,本文在碳交易市场和碳配额限制下,构建了由资金约束的制造商与零售商组成的低碳供应链的合作减排决策模型,分析融资合作减排和技术合作减排时各成员的最优决策、利润及碳排放量,进而探讨了零售商如何根据自身利润和碳减排量选择合适的减排策略:融资减排还是技术减排.研究发现:(1)当零售商采用融资合作减排时,由于市场不确定性的影响使得制造商存在破产风险,这将影响各成员的最优决策及利润;而技术合作减排时制造商不存在破产风险,零售商的最优利润随碳减排成本系数的增大而减小.(2)当零售商基于利润选择减排策略时,如果制造商不存在破产风险,则零售商选择技术减排策略的前提条件是需求不确定性较小且减排成本差异较大;如果制造商存在破产风险,零售商选择技术减排策略的前提条件则是减排成本差异较大且初始碳配额较小.(3)当零售商基于碳排放量选择减排策略时,如果制造商不存在破产风险,零售商选择技术减排策略的前提条件是每单位初始碳排放量较小且减排成本差异较大或每单位初始碳排放量较大且减排成本差异适中;如果制造商存在破产风险,零售商选择融资减排策略的前提条件则是每单位初始碳排放量较小且减排成本差异较小.此外,拓展研究发现制造商的生产成本并不会影响上述结论.

In order to deal with the severe challenge of climate change,carbon emission reduction has become a global goal and consensus.However,manufacturing companies often face the difficulties of funding shortages or lack of technology when reducing carbon emissions and cooperation among supply chain members is an effective way to solve this problem.Based on this,under the carbon trading market and carbon quota restrictions,this paper builds a low-carbon supply chain cooperative emission reduction decision model consisting of a funding-constrained manufacturer and a retailer.The paper discusses how retailers can choose appropriate emission reduction strategies according to their own profits and carbon emission reduction.The results show that:1)Financing cooperative reduction strategy carries manufacturer bankruptcy risk due to market uncertainty,while technology cooperative reduction strategy does not.Retailer’s optimal profit decreases as carbon reduction cost increases with technology cooperative reduction.2)When retailers choose emission reduction strategies based on profits,if there is no bankruptcy risk for the manufacturer,the premise for retailers to choose technological emission reduction strategies is that the demand uncertainty is small and the carbon reduction cost difference is large.If there is a risk of bankruptcy for the manufacturer,the premise for retailers to choose technological emission reduction strategies is that the carbon reduction cost difference is large and the initial carbon quota is small.3)When retailers choose emission reduction strategies based on carbon emissions,the cooperative reduction strategy selection depends on the initial carbon emissions per unit and the carbon reduction cost difference.In addition,the expanded research find that the manufacturer’s production cost does not affect the above conclusions.