韩国民粹主义的诱因及其对外交政策的影响

Causes of ROK's Populism and Its Impact on Foreign Policy

韩国的外交政策及对外舆论很大程度上受到韩国民粹主义的影响。韩国民众“纯粹的民众”和“腐败的精英”的对立意识明显,社会对弱势群体、多元文化的排他性观念凸显,且“民粹化”政党竞争模式呈现。韩国经济发展停滞,就业困难、房价高涨加剧生活压力;教育体系加重阶层固化、深化社会不平等;政治制度改革反复失败,国会、政党难以反映民意,腐败和派阀问题不断,从而诱发民粹主义思潮。在民粹主义的影响下,韩国保守政府与进步政府外交政策偏好趋同,且易被舆论裹扶,政府政策空间及谈判空间受限。不仅如此,韩国对战略自主及经济自主的强调也受到民粹主义的影响。

ROK's foreign policy and the trend of public opinion are largely influenced by ROK's populism.The consciousness that the"pure people"and the corrupt elite"are opposite is evident among ROK's people.ROK's society shows exclusive attitude towards vulnerable groups and multiculturalism.In addition,the competition between political parties has also shown populism pattern.ROK's economy faces stagnation,employment problems and high house prices have exacerbated living pressure;the education system has exacerbated the consolidation of social class,social inequality continues to deepen;the reforms of political system continue to fail,National Assembly and political parties fail to reflect public opinion,and corruption and factional alliances continue to be a problem.These factors induce the wave of populism among the public in ROK.Under the influence of populism,ROK's foreign policy preferences have gradually converged,and is restrained by public opinion,and the government's space for policy and negotiation has shrunk.In addition,ROK's emphasises of strategic and economic autonomy is also influenced by populism.