青少年科创教育的工程哲学之思

Engineering Philosophical Thought of youngsters’Science and Technology Innovation Education

从“科学教育”到“科技教育”再到“科创教育”是科学、技术、工程分别作为独立主体得以被关注同时又相互融合于教育的过程。但科创教育尚处于初探期,人们对工程、工程科学、工程教育、工程师等还存在认识盲区和误区。工程哲学确立了工程本体论,“科学、技术、工程三元论”明确了科学、技术、工程的区别和联系,为透视科创教育、明确工程教育对于科创教育的重要作用和意义提供了理论视角。工程哲学视域下,工程教育打开“人工世界”的大门,让科创教育回归生活;工程教育有机整合科学与技术培养创新人才;工程教育丰富科创教育的内涵和育人价值;工程教育为科创教育提供方法和策略。当前青少年科创教育存在中小学工程教育缺位、高等工程教育错位、大中小学工程教育断层的问题。以工程教育为引擎驱动青少年科创教育发展可实施三个策略:针对中小学,以“融合”为切入点,推动工程教育普及;针对高等工程教育,以“回归工程”为要义,还原工程教育本真;针对大中小学工程教育衔接,以大学为龙头,强化工程教育辐射。

The process from science education to science and technology education then to science and technology innovation education is the one that science,technology and engineering were concerned as independent subjects,and merged with each other into education.Science and technology innovation education has been in the exploratory stage until now.There are some blind spots and misconceptions about engineering,engineering science,engineering education,and engineering profession.Engineering philosophy established engineering ontology,and“trialism of science,technology and engineering”clarified the differences and relations among science,technology and engineering.Engineering philosophy supplies a theoretical perspective to understand science and technology innovation education,and the importance and significance of engineering education for science and technology innovation education.In the perspective of engineering philosophy,engineering education opens the door of the manmade world,which lets science and technology innovation education return to life.Engineering education integrates science and technology organically to cultivate creative talents.Engineering education enriches the connotation and educational value of science and technology innovation education.Engineering education supplies methods and strategies for science and technology innovation education.In the field of science and technology innovation education,there are some problems including engineering education’s absence in primary schools,middle schools and senior high schools,engineering education’s dislocation in universities,engineering education’s fault among the primary schools,middle schools,senior high schools and universities.We can take engineering education as the engine to drive the development of science and technology innovation education.There are three strategies:Firstly,take the integration as the breakthrough point to popularize engineering education in primary schools,middle schools and senior high schools.Secondly,take the engineering’s regression as the essential to recover engineering education’s original simplicity in the field of higher engineering education.Thirdly,take the universities as the leadership to enhance the radiation of engineering education in order to link the engineering education between the basic and higher education stage.