农地三权分置对中国耕地产出效率的影响及机制——基于生产要素视角

Impact and mechanism of the"three rights separation"of agricultural land on the output efficiency of arable land in China:Based on the production factor perspective

[目的]提高耕地产出效率是确保国家粮食安全的重心,农地三权分置改革通过赋能赋权提高了农民土地经营积极性,对耕地产出效率必然产生重要影响,其影响程度和作用机理值得深入研究。[方法]本文基于2013-2021年中国146个地级市面板数据,首先,采用DEA-Malmquist指数法对耕地产出效率进行测算;其次,使用多期双重差分检验了农地三权分置对耕地产出效率的影响效果;最后,通过构建含有交互项的面板固定效应模型,探究农地三权分置对耕地产出效率的作用机制。[结果]①农地三权分置显著促进了中国耕地产出效率的提升,这一效应还得到了法律明晰的加强,且在经过安慰剂等稳健性检验后结果仍然成立;②异质性分析发现,农地三权分置对耕地产出效率的正向影响在西部、东北地区、单位播种面积种植业产值高的组别以及财政支农水平位于中位数水平以下的组别更显著;③影响机制分析发现,农地三权分置主要通过弱化土地规模化经营对耕地产出效率的影响、增强农村劳动力转移对耕地产出效率的影响而起作用。[结论]未来中国应继续沿着当前路线深化农村土地制度改革,进一步释放农地三权分置的政策红利,提高耕地资源利用效率。

[Objective]Improving the output efficiency of arable land is the core focus of ensuring national food security.The reform of"three rights separation"of agricultural land has significantly increased the enthusiasm of farmers for land management through empowerment,which inevitably has a significant impact on the output efficiency of arable land.The degree of influence and mechanisms involved deserve further investigation.[Methods]Based on the panel data from 146 prefecture-level cities in China from 2013 to 2021,this study first calculated the output efficiency of arable land using the data envelopment analysis(DEA)-Malmquist index method.It then employed a multi-period difference-in-differences test to examine the impact of the"three rights separation"of agricultural land on the output efficiency of arable land.Finally,by constructing a panel fixed effects model with interaction terms,it explored the mechanisms through which the"three rights separation"of agricultural land affects the output efficiency of arable land.[Results]The reform of the"three rights separation"of agricultural,significantly promoted the improvement of the output efficiency of arable land in China.This effect is also reinforced by legal clarity,and the results remains robust after conducting robustness tests such as placebo tests.Heterogeneity analysis revealed that the positive impact of the"three rights separation"of agricultural land on the output efficiency of arable land is more significant in the western region,northeastern region,groups with high per unit sown area planting industry output value,and groups with fiscal support for agriculture below the median level.Mechanism analysis found that the"three rights separation"of agricultural land mainly affects the output efficiency of arable land by weakening the impact of large-scale land management on the output efficiency of arable land and enhancing the impact of rural labor transfer on the output efficiency of arable land.[Conclusion]In the future,China should continue to deepen rural land system reform along the current path,further unleash the policy dividends of the"three rights separation"of agricultural land,and improve the efficiency of arable land resource utilization.