新一轮草地确权对草原生态的影响及机制——以内蒙古牧区为例

Impacts and mechanism of the new round of grassland tenure confirmation on grassland ecology:Take the pastural area of Inner Mongolia as an example

[目的]探究新一轮草地确权对草原生态的影响,有助于创新和推进草地绿色治理的产权制度。[方法]本文基于2014、2017和2020年内蒙古乌拉特中旗的实地调研微观数据,采用时变DID模型研究新一轮草地确权对草原植被覆盖度的影响。[结果]①在既定的草原生态补奖政策下,新一轮草地确权有助于改善草原生态。确权后草地植被覆盖度与高度分别比确权前提高了0.265个等级与13.8cm,这是确权带来的产权安全效应与规模效应的净效果。②产权安全性改变了牧民利用草地的态度、提高了牧民的信贷能力,并促进了牧民的生态保护行为。③异质性分析表明,确权对大牧户改善其草原生态较小牧户更有效。[结论]可在确权条件较好的牧区或草场继续推动牧户层面的新一轮土地确权,促进草原生态的改善;而在户均草地面积小、地形地貌复杂等确权困难的地区可考虑确权不确地、或以社区为单位因地制宜实施草地确权政策。

[Objective]Exploring the ecological impacts of the new round of grassland tenure confirmation can help to innovate and promote the grassland property rights institution for green governance,and provide a reference for the reform of grassland property rights in other countries and regions.[Methods]By applying field research data from pastoral areas in Inner Mongolia and the time-varying difference-in-differences(DID)model,this study explored the impacts of the new round of grassland tenure confirmation policy on grassland ecology and its mechanisms.[Results](1)The new round of grassland tenure confirmation policy contributes to improved grassland ecology.Compared with those before tenure confirmation,the vegetation cover and plant height of grasslands after grassland tenure confirmation increased by 0.265 and 13.8 cm,respectively.This is the net impact of the positive property rights security effect and the negative scale fragmentation effect brought about by grassland tenure confirmation.(2)The security of property rights brought about by grassland tenure confirmation has changed herders'attitude toward grassland use,improved their capacities,and promoted their ecological conservation behavior.(3)Heterogeneity analysis showed that the new round of grassland tenure confirmation is more effective for large herders to improve their grassland ecology compared to smaller herders.[Conclusion]This article suggests that the new round of grassland tenure confirmation could be carried out in pastoral areas with favorable conditions.By confirming grassland use rights of herding households,this policy is expected to improve grassland vegetation cover and height.In areas with small grassland area per household and complex topographic and geomorphic conditions,grassland tenure confirmation could be implemented according to local conditions,or considering to confirm the rights not to individual herding households but to small communities.