生态网络构建视角下矿山生态修复重点区域识别——以辽宁省建平县为例

Identification of Key Areas of Mine Ecological Restoration from the Perspective ofEcological Network Construction:A Case Study of Jianping County,Liaoning Province

采矿业是矿业城市经济来源的重要组成部分,对矿山进行系统的开发和修复是矿业城市生态安全的关键问题。立足于宏观视角下的矿山开采与修复,旨在通过生态网络构建识别出建平县矿山生态修复的重点区域。运用生境质量模型、生态系统服务价值评价识别生态源地。综合考虑自然因素、干扰因素、国土空间三线、矿山开采风险4个方面因素构建和修正阻力面。采用最小累积阻力模型(Minimum Cumulative Resistance Model,MCR)提取生态廊道,并结合生态廊道及其缓冲范围内的矿山类型、开采方式等因素,实现矿山开采风险分区,明确矿山开采和修复优先级。结果表明:①研究区共有生态源地28处,共计面积1139.53 km^(2),提取生态廊道1006 km。②矿山开采低、中、高风险区内分别包含生产矿山和废弃矿山的面积分别为17.92、10.62、25.77 km^(2)和22.5、14.10、21.93 km^(2)。③按照矿山空间分布对生态网络的影响程度,划分了生产矿山开采优先级和废弃矿山修复优先级分区;其中,优先开采区、限制开采区、禁止开采区内包含的生产矿山面积分别为17.93、11.80、23.63 km^(2),极重要修复区、重要修复区、一般修复区内包含的废弃矿山面积分别为19.79、16.55、22.48 km^(2)。根据以上分析,提出了矿山开采前、开采中以及开采后的相关监管策略和建议。

The mining industry is an important part of the economic sources of resource-based city,and the development and restoration of mines is a key issue for the ecological security of resource-based city.This article is based on the perspective of mining and restoration of mines.It aims to identify the key areas of Jianping County′s mining ecological restoration through the construction of the ecological network.Using habitat quality model and ecosystem service value evaluation to identify eco-logical sources.The resistance surface is constructed and corrected by comprehensively considering the four aspects factors of natural factors,interference factors,the three controlled lines and mining risks.Ecological corridors were extracted using the minimum cumulative resistance model(MCR).Combined with the mine type,mining method and other factors within the eco-logical corridor and its buffer range,delineate the mining risk zonings,and clarify the priority of mine mining and restoration.The results showed that:①There were 28 ecological sources in the study area,with a total area of 1139.53 km^(2),and 1006 km of ecological corridors were extracted.②The low,medium and high risk areas of mining include production mines and closed mines respectively with an area of 17.92、10.62、25.77 km^(2)and 22.5、14.10、21.93 km^(2).③According to the degree of influence of the spatial distribution of mines on the ecological network,the mining priority of production mines and the resto-ration priority of closed mines are divided.Among them,priority mining area,restricted mining areas,the mining area is prohib-ited include production mine areas of 17.93,11.80,and 23.63 km^(2),respectively.The very important restoration area,the im-portant restoration area,and general restoration area include closed mine areas of 19.79 km^(2),16.55 km^(2),and 22.48 km^(2),re-spectively.Based on the above results,relevant regulation strategies and suggestions are put forward for three stages of mining.