医疗救济与战时政治--基于抗战时期“保盟”对中共医疗援助的考察

Medical Relief and Wartime Politics--Based on the Investigation of the Medical Aid of the CPC by the China Defense League During the Anti-Japanese War

全面抗战时期国内外政治环境的变化极大影响了保卫中国同盟(“保盟”)对中共的医疗援助。“保盟”的援助历程存在着一条清晰的历史脉络。在第一次反共高潮之前,“保盟”可以比较顺利地进行援助活动,而随着第一次反共高潮的到来以及针对边区封锁线的构筑,援助开始变得困难。皖南事变后,蒋介石责令宋子文退出“保盟”,失去了“保护伞”,“保盟”援助中共的大量医疗物资被国民党当局没收。第三次反共高潮后,由于国内外政治形势的变化,尤其是在宋庆龄在《时代周刊》上发表声明,中外记者西北参观团的成行以及罗斯福要求派遣美军观察组访问延安等因素作用下,医疗物资得以再次进入边区。通过“保盟”援助中共的考察,展现了战争状态下政治对边区军民生命健康的巨大影响。

The changes in the domestic and international political environment during the comprehen-sive Anti-Japanese War greatly affected the medical aid provided by the China Defense League to the CPC.There is a clear historical context in the aid process of the China Defense League.Before the first wave of anti-communism,the China Defense League could carry out aid activities relative-ly smoothly,while with the arrival of the first wave of the anti-communism and the construction of the blockade line against the border region,aid began to become difficult.After the Southern Anhui Incident,Chiang Kai-shek ordered Soong Tse-ven to withdraw from the League.Lost its"protec-tive umbrella",a large amount of medical supplies provided by the League to aid the CPC were con-fiscated by the Kuomintang authorities.After the third wave of the anti-communism,due to the changes in the domestic and international political environment,especially the statement issued by Soong Ching-ling in Time magazine,under the influence of the visiting delegation of Chinese and foreign journalists to northwest and Roosevelts request to send a US military observation group to visit Yanan,medical supplies were able to enter the border region again.The great influence of politics on the lives and health of the army and people in the border region under the state of war was found in the investigation of the medical aid of the China Defense League to the CPC presented.