蚯蚓粪不同用量及施用方式对设施番茄生长及品质影响

Effects of different dosage and application methods of earthworm manure on tomato growth and quality

【目的】为了开发蚯蚓粪在设施蔬菜生产中修复土壤生态环境,促进蔬菜植株生长、提高产量和商品性的功能。【方法】在设施环境中,以番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)为试验材料,常规栽培作为对照(CK),设置增施蚯蚓粪15 t/hm^(2),垄面撒施(T1);增施蚯蚓粪30 t/hm^(2),垄面撒施(T2);增施蚯蚓粪30 t/hm^(2),穴施(T3);增施蚯蚓粪30 t/hm^(2),垄面中间开沟(T4);增施蚯蚓粪45 t/hm^(2),垄面撒施(T5);增施蚯蚓粪45 t/hm^(2),穴施(T6);增施蚯蚓粪45 t/hm^(2),垄面中间开沟(T7),7种不同用量及不同施用方式,研究了蚯蚓粪不同用量及不同施用方式对设施番茄植株生长及果实品质影响。【结果】研究表明:增施蚯蚓粪45 t/hm^(2),垄面中间开沟施用、垄面撒施及穴施的方式均可不同程度促进番茄植株地上部生长;增施蚯蚓粪30 t/hm^(2),垄面中间开沟的施用方式番茄产量最高;增施蚯蚓粪30 t/hm^(2),穴施和垄面撒施更有利于提升番茄品质,其中:穴施的番茄果实可溶性固形物分别较CK、T1、T2、T4、T5、T6、T7显著高了8.11%、17.65%、14.29%、21.21%、9.59%、14.29%、11.11%,且人体必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的质量分数(A/T)最高为24.9%;垄面撒施的番茄总糖含量分别较CK、T1、T2、T3、T4、T6、T7显著高了6.0%、23.26%、29.27%、6.0%、32.17%、6.0%、6.0%,且糖酸比较CK显著高了7.69%。【结论】综合判定,增施蚯蚓粪30 t/hm^(2),穴施和垄面撒施的方式均对促进番茄植株生长,提高番茄品质有良好的效果,其中垄面撒施更经济适用,适合大面积推广。

In facility vegetable production,the irrational application of chemical fertilizer causes serious problems of soil continuous cropping,which leads to the decline of vegetable yield and quality.Earthworm castings improve soil ecological environment to promote vegetable growth,yield and quality.In this experiment,tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)was used as material in a solar greenhouse,and conventional cultivation was used as control(CK).Earthworm castings were added to 15 t/hm^(2)and spread on ridge surface(T1).Increase the application of earthworm manure 30 t/hm^(2),ridge surface spreading(T2);Additional application of earthworm manure 30 t/hm^(2),hole application(T3);Increase the application of earthworm manure 30 t/hm^(2),trench in the middle of ridge surface(T4);Increase the application of earthworm manure 45 t/hm^(2),ridge surface spreading(T5);Add 45 tons of worm manure/hm^(2),hole application(T6);The results showed that adding 45 t/hm^(2)of earthworm manure,furrow application in the middle of ridge surface,row surface spreading and hole application could promote the growth of tomato to different degrees.The yield of tomato was the highest when earthworm manure was added to 30 t/hm^(2)and furrow was opened in the middle of ridge surface.Increasing the application of earthworm manure by 30 t/hm^(2),hole application and ridge surface spreading are more conducive to improve tomato quality.Compared with CK,T1,T2,T4,T5,T6,T7,soluble solids were significantly higher by 8.11%,17.65%,14.29%,21.21%,9.59%,14.29%,11.11%,respectively,and the mass fraction(A/T)of the total amino acids of human essential amino acids was the highest at 24.9%.Compared with CK,T1,T2,T3,T4,T6 and T7,the total sugar content was significantly higher by 6.0%,23.26%,29.27%,6.0%,32.17%,6.0%and 6.0%,and the sugar and acid content was significantly higher by 7.69%.