以国家植物园为核心的中国特色植物园体系的建构

Construction of China characteristic botanical garden system with national botanical garden as the core

中国幅员辽阔,跨越6个气候带,覆盖8种主要植被类型,具有极其丰富的植物多样性和种质资源。北京和广州国家植物园建设的启动标志着我国国家植物园建设进入了实质性推进阶段,但我国现代植物园发展起步较晚,与国外植物园相比仍存在较大差距。基于对我国植物园现状问题的分析,提出了需尽快按照现有等级划分标准将植物园分为“国家-区域-城市”三级,在明确各级植物园定位与特色的基础上以“主园+卫星园”的方式对其进行合理的增设或改扩建,使三个等级植物园的功能各有侧重。同时发挥好政府的市场监管与调控功能,完善相关规范和标准,灵活引入社会资本,以“PPP”模式推动植物园形成科技成果转化闭环,共同构成以国家植物园为核心的具有中国特色和多重社会价值的植物园体系。

China has a vast territory,spanning 6 climate zones and covering 8 main vegetation types,with extremely rich plant diversity and germplasm resources.The launch of the construction of Beijing and Guangzhou National Botanical Gardens indicates that the construction of China’s national botanical garden has entered a substantive stage.However,the development of modern botanical gardens in China started relatively late,and there is still a significant gap compared with foreign botanical gardens.Based on the analysis of the current situation of botanical gardens in China,it is proposed that botanical gardens should be divided into“national-regional-city”three levels according to the existing classification standards as soon as possible.On the basis of clarifying the orientation and characteristics of botanical gardens at all levels,reasonable additions or expansions should be made in the form of“main garden+satellite garden”,so that the functions of the three levels of botanical gardens have their own emphasis.At the same time,the government should play a good role in market supervision and regulation,improve relevant norms and standards,flexibly introduce social capital,and use the“PPP”model to promote the formation of a closed loop for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in botanical gardens,so as to form a botanical garden system with Chinese characteristics and multiple social values with the National Botanical Garden as the core.