基于改进型两步移动搜索法的医疗设施可达性评价——以西安市长安区为例

Accessibility Evaluation of Medical Facilities Based on the Improved Two-step Floating Catchment Area Method:A Case Study of Chang'an District in Xi'an

医疗设施作为社会公共服务体系的重要组成,公平开放的医疗设施布局有利于推动社会进步和提升人民生活品质。可达性是评价医疗设施布局合理与否的重要指标,以陕西省西安市长安区医疗设施为例,引入改进型两步移动搜索法,代入不同的搜索阈值,客观测度各居民点就医可达性,并进行空间插值分析,然后利用空间自相关法探讨区域可达性聚集差异。结果表明,长安区医疗设施可达性区际及街道内部差异显著,可达性差的地区较多,农村地区与较偏远地区可达性普遍较低;可达性峰值区域与医疗设施聚集区局部错位;道路交通距离、人口规模等要素对可达性的影响较大。同时验证了改进型两步移动搜索法在可达性评价中的可行性,并通过不同搜索半径阈值对比分析确定了合理搜索半径阈值。最后提出针对性建议和展望,以期为医疗设施公平性规划布局研究提供参考。

Medical facilities are an important component of the social public service system.A fair and open layout of medical facilities is conducive to promoting social progress and improving people's quality of life.Accessibility is an important indicator to evaluate whether the layout of medical facilities is reasonable.The study takes the medical facilities in Chang'an District of Xi'an as an example,introduces Improved 2SFCA,substitutes different search thresholds,observes the medical accessibility of each residential area,performs spatial interpolation analysis,and then uses the spatial autocorrelation method to explore the differences in regional accessibility aggregation.The results show that there are significant differences in the accessibility of medical facilities between regions and streets in Chang'an District.The accessibility of rural areas and more remote areas is generally low.Peak accessibility areas and local areas with concentrated medical facilities are spatially mismatched.Factors such as road traffic distance and population size have a greater impact on accessibility.Research has verified the feasibility of improved 2SFCA in accessibility evaluation,and a reasonable search radius threshold has been determined through comparative analysis of different search radius thresholds.Finally based on preliminary analysis,this paper puts forward targeted suggestions and prospects for accessibility research,hoping to provide a reference for the research on the fairness of medical facilities planning and layout.