法国区域与地方城市规划中的乡村景观风貌规划管控

Rural Landscape Character Planning and Management in Regional and Local Planning in France

乡村景观风貌是法国区域与地方城市规划的共同线索,在政策方向上具有保护自然生态与保护历史文化两个显著特点。法国央地分权的政府组织架构发挥了“国家体制的顶层引导”和“地方自治的横向协作”双重优势,中央通过景观立法和派驻、审查制度在严守生态和历史文化底线方面有力地传导了国家意志,发展出一系列成熟的规划管理工具;地方通过加盟、协议关系在规划的目标认同、资源整合、行动协同上形成合力。景观风貌类专项规划与主干规划呈现多种灵活的关系,对其形成有效的补充,最终落实到清晰具体的实施行动与管控要求中。法国乡村景观风貌保护的目标理念、发展路径和规划管控做法可为我国相关工作提供借鉴。

Rural landscape character is the common thread of regional and local urban planning in France,and it has two notable features of protecting natural ecology and protecting historical culture in terms of policy direction.Central-regional decentralization has given full play to the dual advantages of"top-level guidance of the national system"and"horizontal cooperation of local autonomy".The central government has effectively conveyed the national will in strictly adhering to the bottom line of ecology,history,and culture through landscape legislation,accreditation and review system,and developed a series of mature planning management tools.Through alliances and agreement relationships,local governments form joint forces in planning target recognition,resource integration,and action coordination.The special planning of landscape character presents a variety of flexible relationships to main planning,forming an effective supplement to it,and finally leads to clear and specific implementation actions and control regulations.The concept,the approach,and the planning control of rural landscape protection in France can provide references for related work in China.