共同体概念在日本的传播

Dissemination of the Concept of“Community”in Japan

“共同体”一词作为日文外来词,最早是作为德国行政法概念“Gemeinschaft”的译词于1888年开始在日本《行政法原理》教科书中使用。1887年滕尼斯的大作Gemeinschaft und Geisellschaft出版,5年后,即1892年作为“共同体”意义的“Gemeinschaft”在日本才成为被广泛认知的社会学概念。其后马克思主义传入日本,“共同体”真正进入日本社会科学界。马克思的“亚细亚生产方式”也被作为一个有效的分析概念被引入日本及中国的农村社会研究中。随后,“共同体”这一概念又被留日学者带入中国,并运用于中国社会的研究中。这一过程也伴随着马克思主义在日本及中国的传播。

The term“Community”is a loanword in Japanese,initially serving as the translation for“Gemeinschaft,”aa concept from German administrative law.Its introduction to Japan can be traced back to the 1888 Japanese textbook,“Administrative Law.”The pivotal work of Ferdinand Tonnies,“Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft,”published in 1887,played a significant role,and by 1892,the idea of“Gemeinschaft”in the sense of“community”became a widely acknowledged sociological concept in Japan.The formal incorporation of the concept of“community”into Japanese social science academia occurred with the introduction of Marxism to Japan.Marx's notion of the"Asiatic mode of production"found application in rural society research in Japan and China,serving as an effective analytical concept and initiating the exploration of community theory in Asia.The dissemination of the concept of“community”into China was facilitated by Chinese scholars studying in Japan,coinciding with the concurrent spread of Marxism in both Japan and China.