人口迁移流动与全方位民族互嵌格局的发展演化逻辑

Population Migration Patterns and the Developmental Logic of All-around Ethnic Embeddedness Pattern

基于人口流动与族群关系融合发展演变的历史和现状,本文提炼了人口迁移流动与族群关系演进的历史逻辑,梳理了人口流动与民族互嵌之间的理论关联,分析了当下人口大流动助力全方位民族互嵌进程的现实进展。在几千年的中华历史中,人口迁徙奠定了中华民族多元一体的族群格局,促进了族群间长期交往融合和族群演进,带来了中华文明的绵延不衰。新中国成立尤其是改革开放以来,大规模迁移流动成为推进民族交往交流交融的重要力量,持续增进各民族的共同性,悄然推动我国进入第五次民族大迁徙大融合的新阶段。本文提出人口迁移流动推动民族互嵌格局形成的啮合传动论:在民族全方位互嵌的推进过程中,人口大规模流动奠定了各族群众空间互嵌的基础。空间互嵌既是全方位民族互嵌的结果,也是过程和手段,它增强了民族间经济联系,进而推动了民族文化互鉴、社会交往和心理认同。当前,我国各民族群众空间分布日趋均衡、就业结构非农化、职业社会经济地位逐步提升,各民族文化认同程度和族际通婚比例普遍提高,民族互嵌格局不断得到增强。但部分维度的民族互嵌仍不充分,各民族居住聚集、就业收入保障差距等问题依然存在。要充分顺应民族人口大流动大融居趋势,助推民族工作高质量发展,构建良好的社会结构和社区环境,使各民族群众都有通过辛勤劳动实现自身发展的机会,完善民族间文化交流、社会交往、心理认同的制度性保障和政策性支持,推进各民族大融合大团结大发展。

This article explores the historical and contemporary dynamics of population migration,the development of ethnic relations,and their interconnectedness.It elucidates the historical trajectory linking population migration with the evolution of ethnic relations,delineates the theoretical nexus between population flow and ethnic embeddedness in the present context,and analyzes the current progress of large-scale population movements on all-around ethnic embeddedness.Throughout millennia of Chinese history,migration has been foundational in shaping the ethnic landscape,fostering a pattern of“unity in diversity”for the Chinese nation.It has facilitated interactions,exchanges,and integration among ethnic groups,driving the continuous evolution of Chinese civilization.Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949,particularly with the initiation of reform and opening up in 1978,large-scale migration and population movements have emerged as pivotal drivers in promoting interethnic interactions,exchanges,and integration.These movements have progressively bolstered commonalities among ethnic groups and propelled China into a new phase of the Fifth Great Ethnic Migration and Integration.This article proposes a messing transmission theory to analyze how population migration promotes the formation of ethnic embeddedness.Large-scale population movements serve as a cornerstone for spatial embeddedness among people from diverse ethnic backgrounds.Spatial embeddedness,as a consequence of comprehensive ethnic embedding,not only deepens economic interconnections between ethnic groups but also fosters mutual cultural learning,social exchanges,and psychological acceptance.Presently,the distribution of ethnic groups in China is becoming increasingly balanced,with a less agriculturally oriented employment structure and improved socioeconomic status.Moreover,there is a universal increase in cultural acceptance,interethnic marriage rates,and the strengthening of the ethnic embeddedness pattern.However,despite significant progress,certain dimensions of ethnic embeddedness remain inadequate.Challenges such as ethnic clustering,employment insecurity,and income disparities persist.To effectively navigate these challenges and capitalize on the momentum of ethnic population flow and embedding,it is imperative to advance high-quality ethnic development initiatives.This entails establishing conducive social structures and community environments,fostering opportunities for personal development among individuals from all ethnic backgrounds,enhancing institutional safeguards,and providing robust policy support for interethnic cultural interactions,social exchanges,and psychological acceptance.By doing so,we can further propel the overarching goals of great integration,great unity,and great development among all ethnic groups.