“景泰十才子”群体考辩——兼论钱谦益的明诗史建构

A Textual Research on the Group of“Ten Talents of Jingtai”--On Qian Qianyi’s Construction of the History of Ming Poetry

在过往文学史论中,大多认为“景泰十才子”是活跃于景泰年间的文人群体。结合各类史料文献与诗文别集,考察发现“景泰十才子”早在永乐、宣德年间就已登上文坛。这个文学群体的名称在不同阶段曾发生演进,分别有“十才子”“金陵十才子”“吴下十才子”“宣德十才子”等多个称号。“景泰十才子”的群体称号与具体成员经由钱谦益《列朝诗集》的提炼才逐步形成,随着《明史》《四库全书总目》的编写而盖棺定论。钱谦益推许这个文学群体,除了因为他在明诗史建构时的流派与门户意识,还与其欲使先人不朽的私心有关。

In the past literary history,it was mostly believed that the“Ten Talents of Jingtai”were a group of literati active during Jingtai period.By combining various historical documents and collections of poetry and literature,it can be observed that the“Ten Talents of Jingtai”had already entered the literary world as early as the Yongle and Xuande periods.The name of this literary group has evolved at different stages,with multiple titles such as“Ten Talents”,“Ten Talents in Jinling”,“Ten Talents in Wuxia”,and“Ten Talents of Xuande”.The group title and specific members of the“Ten Talents of Jingtai”were gradually formed through the refinement of Qian Qianyi’s Lie Chao Shi Ji,and finally concluded with the compilation of Ming History and Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu.Qian Qianyi's recommendation for this literary group is not only due to the school and sectarian consciousness during the construction of the history of poetry in the Ming Dynasty,but also related to the selfish desire to make ancestors immortal.