中国草地碳汇功能提升的挑战和行动对策

Challenges and Actions for the Improvement of Grassland Carbon Sink Function in China

草地生态系统是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,中国草地资源丰富,碳汇潜力巨大,在“双碳”战略目标下,如何发挥和提高草地碳汇能力,助力碳中和目标早日实现,显得尤为迫切。目前,草地碳汇发展面临诸多问题和挑战,草地碳汇功能稳定提升的行动对策仍不清楚。本文综述了近年来我国草地生态系统碳储量相关研究成果及碳源汇特征,阐明影响草地生态系统碳汇作用的关键因素,系统分析了草地碳汇能力提升所面临的挑战,提出应均衡协调草地保护与利用、科学修复退化草地、扶持草地开发低碳增碳产业、强化政策指引、推动草地碳汇交易兑现以及倡导牧区绿色低碳生产生活等草地碳汇能力提升的行动对策,以期通过人类有序的行为活动来挖掘草地固碳潜力,充分发挥其碳汇能力,为实现“碳达峰、碳中和”贡献草地作用,为全球草地碳汇管理提供中国智慧。

Grassland ecosystems are a vital part of terrestrial ecosystems.China′s grasslands are rich in resources and have significant potential as carbon sinks.Therefore,it is urgent to enhance the capacity of grassland carbon sinks to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality as soon as possible,in line with the‘two-carbon’strategy.Currently,the development of carbon sinks in grasslands faces numerous challenges and uncertainties.Measures to enhance the function of carbon sinks in grassland ecosystems remain unclear.This paper summarized recent research on the carbon stock of grassland ecosystems in China,including the characteristics of carbon sources and sinks,clarified the key factors that affected grassland ecosystems as carbon sinks and analyzed the challenges of the enhancement of grassland carbon sinks.The proposal recommended balancing and coordinating the protection and utilization of grasslands,scientifically rehabilitating degraded grasslands,supporting the development of grasslands for low-carbon industries,strengthening policy guidelines,promoting carbon trading in grasslands,and advocating for green and low-carbon production and life in pastoral areas.