治理重心下沉与村民自治成长的平行渐进

Parallel Gradualism of Self-governance for Villagers and Grassroots Governance

党的十八大以来,我国推进乡村治理现代化的改革实践,伴随着治理重心下沉与村民自治成长两种步调的平行渐进,呈现出规制与赋权两种理念的竞合。从现实困境看,平行渐进逻辑的出场,源于农村治理中行政与自治之间的结构性紧张与运作之困,具体表现为行政泛化和自治缺位两类。平行渐进逻辑有其特定的证成依据:中国古代乡村治理的礼法并重传统是历史依据,社会治理现代化的内核是理论依据,对不同层次治理需求的权变回应是实践依据。从实践层面看,平行渐进通过党建引领的整合统筹、管理权限的收放并举、管理手段的刚柔相济以及各方利益的协调兼容实现了有效的组合叠加,达成了一定的动态平衡。同时,研究还就平行渐进模式中存在的分利秩序风险和法治逸脱风险提出针对性政策建议。

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the reform practice of promoting village-level democratic management in China has been accompanied by the parallel progress of self-governance for villagers and grassroots governance,presenting the competition and cooperation of the two propensities of"regulation"and"empowerment".From a practical perspective,the emergence of the"parallel gradualism"logic in response to real challenges stems from the structural tensions and operational difficulties between administration and self-governance in rural governance.This is specifically manifested as two categories of issues:administrative generalization and a lack of self-governance.The"parallel gradualism"logic is supported by specific evidences:the historical basis is the traditional Chinese rural governance principle of"balancing ritual and law,"the theoretical foundation is the core of modernization in social governance,and the practical basis is the flexible response to the needs of social governance at different levels.On the practical level,"parallel gradualism"has achieved an effective combination and overlay through integrated coordination led by party building,the simultaneous expansion and delegation of management authority,the judicious use of management methods,and the coordination and compatibility of various interests,achieving a certain dynamic balance.At the same time,the research also puts forward targeted policy recommendations for the risks of profit-sharing disorder and legal deviation in the"parallel gradualism"model.