基于中国汽车-行人事故数据的老龄人与青壮年行人损伤特征对比分析

Analysis of injury characteristics and risks comparison between elderly and young adult pedestrians driven by car-pedestrian collision accidents in China

为明确老龄与青壮年行人事故损伤特征及损伤风险之间的差异并为行人碰撞安全法规提升提供理论基础,对中国交通事故深度调查(CIDAS)数据库中提取的496例老龄行人和431例青壮年行人事故样本进行了研究。对比分析了老龄与青壮年行人损伤部位分布及具体部位损伤类型的异同;建立了基于车辆碰撞速度的老龄与青壮年行人头部AIS3+、胸部AIS3+及下肢AIS2+的损伤风险曲线。结果表明:老龄与青壮年行人胸部损伤比例差异高达20.9%;在40 km/h碰撞车速时,2类行人头部、胸部和下肢损伤风险差异分别为38.9%,39%、21.2%。因此,中国行人碰撞安全法规的提升可差异性考虑老龄人与青壮年行人的测试方法或损伤准则,尤为必要考虑纳入汽车-老龄人胸部碰撞测试评价方法。

496 elderly and 431 young and middle-aged pedestrian accident samples extracted from the China In-depth Accident Survey(CIDAS)database were studied to clarify the differences between the injury characteristics and injury risk of elderly and young adults pedestrians,and to provide a theoretical basis for improving pedestrian collision safety regulations.Firstly,the distribution of injury sites and the similarities and differences of injury types between aged and young adult pedestrians were compared.Furthermore,the injury risk curves of head AIS3+,chest AIS3+and lower limb AIS2+of elderly and young pedestrians based on vehicle collision velocity were established.The results show that the difference between the two types of pe-destrians in the proportion of chest injuries is as high as 20.9%.At 40 km/h collision speed,the differences in the risk of head,chest and lower limb injuries are 38.9%,39%and 21.2%,re-spectively.Therefore,the improvement of pedestrian crash safety regulations in China can consider the test methods or injury criteria of elderly and young pedestrians differently,and it is particularly necessary to include the car-elderly chest crash test evaluation method.