美国FORGE计划犹他州干热岩开发示范项目进展综述

Review on Progress of the Utah FORGE Project for Demonstration of Hot Dry Rock Development

21世纪是全球能源获取方式发生重要变化的时代。现有以煤炭、石油、天然气等传统资源为基础的能源正在逐渐被风能、太阳能、生物质能、地热能等环境友好、低排放的绿色能源所取代。干热岩是一种不含原生水(或含少量水但不能流动)的高温地热资源,可通过水力刺激改造形成增强型地热系统储层,从而提取数量相当可观的地热能。本文以美国能源部正在组织实施的FORGE计划犹他州干热岩示范项目为研究对象,综述了项目在场地地质条件表征、基础设施建设等方面取得的主要进展与成果,总结了项目在高温硬岩钻井、储层建造、微震监测等方面取得的广泛且深入认识,从统筹部署、组织实施、场地表征和设施建设、关键技术装备突破、数据共享等方面提出了值得我国借鉴参考的具体实践。

The 21st century is a time of global change in the approach in the field of energy acquisition.The current existing methods of energy production,based on conventional resources such as coal,oil,and natural gas,are gradually being replaced by environmental-friendly,low-emission clean energies,such as wind energy,solar energy,biomass energy,and geothermal energy.Hot dry rock is a high temperature reservoir without connate water or with little water but no flow,which can form an enhanced geothermal system reservoir through hydraulic stimulation,and extract a considerable amount of geothermal energy.Taking the Utah FORGE project for demonstration of hot dry rock development being organized and implemented by the U.S.Department of Energy as the research object,this paper reviewed the main progress and achievements of the project,such as site geological condition characterization and infrastructure construction.The extensive and in-depth understanding of the project was summarized in terms of high-temperature hard rock drilling,reservoir stimulation,and microseismic monitoring.From the aspects of overall deployment,organization and implementation,site characterization and facility construction,breakthroughs in key technologies and equipment,and data-sharing,specific practices worthy of reference for China were put forward.