“真正的民主制”思想及其共产主义意蕴

The Thought of “Real Democracy” and Its Communist Implication

“真正的民主制”是马克思为解决黑格尔关于市民社会与政治国家的分离而提出的关于未来社会的方案。马克思力图通过“真正的民主制”克服在黑格尔那里政治国家的普遍性所呈现的抽象性。在“真正的民主制”中,国家不再是外在于人的抽象政治形式,而是人的存在方式。“真正的民主制”体现了马克思对包括黑格尔君主立宪制在内的整个现代政治国家的批判和超越,是马克思开始突破政治解放的重要思想环节。但由于此时的马克思还未深入市民社会,没有开展政治经济学批判,所以“真正的民主制”还具有局限性,还无法在政治国家内部完成筹划未来社会的任务。但“真正的民主制”所内含的共产主义萌芽对马克思后来的共产主义思想产生了深远的影响。

“Real democracy”is a future social plan proposed by Marx to solve Hegel's separation of civil society and political state. Marx attempted to overcome the abstraction presented by Hegel's political state's universality through “real democracy”. In “real democracy”, the state is not an abstract political form external to humans, but a way of human existence. “Real democracy” reflects Marx's criticism and transcendence of the entire modern political state. “Real democracy”is an important ideological link for Marx to break through the limits of political emancipation. However, due to the fact that Marx had not yet delved into civil society and carried out political and economic criticism at this time, “real democracy” still had limitations and could not complete the task of planning for future society within the political state. But the sprouting of communism embodied in “real democracy” had a profound impact on Marx's later communist ideology.