热带雨林保护相关国际组织的基本特征、工作方式与启示

Essential characteristic,working method,and enlightenment of international organizations of tropical rainforest conservation

热带雨林的保护具有紧迫性和全球重要性,长期以来,国际组织在热带雨林保护工作中贡献了力量,能够为我国热带雨林保护工作提供启示,但目前缺少系统的研究。首先,基于《国际组织年鉴》的检索结果,以文献检索作为补充,整理得到128个热带雨林保护相关的国际组织(TR-IOs)。在此基础上,从TR-IOs的组织规模、组织性质、设立目标的演变三个方面,总结TR-IOs的基本特征。随后,以TR-IOs发布的文件及其开展的活动为依据,参考相关研究,将TR-IOs的工作方式总结为四类,并进一步分析了工作方式和三个基本特征之间的相关性。最后,基于对TR-IOs的全面认识和我国热带雨林保护工作现状,从两方面提出对我国的启示。研究表明,(1)TR-IOs按照组织规模,可分为国际型组织、洲际型组织、地区型组织、其他组织、面向国际的国家型组织;按照组织性质,可分为科研团体、政府间组织、行业协会和基金会;按照组织设立目标的演变,可划分为三个发展阶段:侧重科研的保护价值认知阶段、侧重保护恢复和可持续利用的研究和实践阶段、侧重气候变化应对和新型方法的探索和实践阶段。(2)TR-IOs的工作方式包括科研监测、协议倡议、标准认证、实践示范四类,组织规模、组织性质、组织设立目标的演变,与工作方式之间具有较强的相关性。(3)研究得到两方面启示,一方面,我国应当加入有影响力、规模大的TR-IOs,提升保护管理能力;成立研究机构和行业协会,加强区域领导力;在政府的主导下,完善与TR-IOs的合作,建立实践示范。另一方面,建议完善科研合作机制,促进科研成果与实践成果之间的相互转化;发起热带雨林保护、恢复和可持续利用的倡议;完善热带雨林相关认证体系;建立实践示范,协调热带雨林保护和社区可持续发展的需求。

The preservation of tropical rainforests possesses extensive urgency and global significance.Throughout the years,numerous international organizations have contributed enormous efforts to this cause and thereby can provide enlightening references for China′s efforts to protect tropical rainforests.Nonetheless,rare studies have been found to explore this issue systematically.Above all,in accordance with the search results in the Yearbook of International Organizations(YBIO)and supplemented by a literature search,128 international organizations of tropical rainforest conservation(TR-IOs)were collated accordingly.On this basis,the paper provides a comprehensive overview of the essential characteristics of TR-IOs,encompassing organizational scale,organizational nature,and the evolutionary trajectory of their establishment purpose.Subsequently,the work method of TR-IOs was categorized into four distinct types on the basis of the documents issued by these international organizations and the nature of their activities.Aside from that,an analysis delved into the correlation between these work methods and three essential characteristics.Last but not least,countermeasures are put forward to enlighten China by drawing upon a comprehensive understanding of TR-IOs and China′s current state of tropical rainforest conservation.As demonstrated by the research findings,(1)Based upon their organizational scale,TR-IOs can be categorized into international organizations,intercontinental organizations,regional organizations,other organizations,and internationally oriented national organizations.In line with their organizational nature,they can be classified as scientific research groups,intergovernmental organizations,industry associations,and foundations.In accordance with their establishment purpose,they can be categorized into three stages:the cognitive stage of conservation value focusing on scientific research;the stage that fixes its attention on conservation restoration and sustainable use through research and practice,and the stage that concentrates on exploring and implementing new methods for responding to climate change.(2)The work method employed by TR-IOs can be categorized into four groups,namely research and monitoring,agreements and initiatives,standard certification,and exemplary practice;a conspicuous correlation exists between organizational scale,organizational nature,and organizational purpose of TR-IOs in their chosen work method.(3)This study comes up with two crucial insights derived from the study.For one thing,China should actively engage in influential and large-scale TR-IOs to enhance capacity,and establish scientific institutes and industry associations to strengthen regional leadership,and ameliorate cooperation with various TR-IOs under the government′s leadership and accordingly establish practical demonstrations.For another,it is advisable to optimize the mechanism of scientific research cooperation and facilitate the mutual transformation between scientific research results and practical results,launch conservation,restoration and sustainable use of tropical rainforests initiatives,better the rainforest-related sustainability certification system,and establish practical demonstrations,so as to reconcile tropical rainforest conservation and community sustainable development.