蒙文通经学思想中的“齐鲁之辨”

The“Debate Between Qi and Lu Schools”in the Confucian Classics Theory of Meng Wentong

学界一般认定,近现代蜀学大师蒙文通一生学术经历“三变”:一变为“古史三系说”,二变为周秦之变与儒法斗争,三变为汉初新儒学。然而鲜有人注意到,蒙文通经学思想中始终有齐鲁之辨的问题意识,分辨齐鲁之学是蒙氏早年学术道路的起点,也是他晚年经学研究的高峰。蒙文通早年研究齐鲁之学,依据廖平以礼制、地域分今古的观点,视鲁学为今文学正宗,视齐学杂采法、墨、阴阳各家,当务之急是“屏除阴阳,而一断于礼”。但晚年蒙文通具备了周秦之变的历史运动观,指出齐学杂采各家,反而体现出儒家是不断发展的学说。对比蒙文通早年与晚年关于齐鲁之辨的不同说法,既有助于学者深入把握蒙氏的学术道路与思想关怀,更有助于人们深刻理解中华文明的进步性、创新性。

It is generally recognized in the academic community that the master of the Shu studies,Meng Wentong,experienced“three changes”in his academic life:the first was the theory of“Three Systems of Ancient History”,the second was the Zhou-Qin Incident and the struggle between Confucianism and Legalism,and the third was the new Confucianism in the early Han Dynasty.However,few people have noticed that there was always problem awareness of debate between Qi and Lu schools in Meng′s Confucianism theory.Distinguishing between Qi and Lu schools was the starting point of Meng′s academic path and also the peak of his later research on classics.In his early years,Meng Wentong made research on the studies of Qi and Lu based on Liao Ping′s viewpoint of dividing the New Text Confucianism and Old Text Confucianism based on the system of etiquette and geography.He regarded Lu school as the authentic New Text Confucianism,and Qi school as a mixture of Legalism,Mohism,and Yin-Yang Studies.The urgent task was to“eliminate the interference of the Yin-Yang Studies,and use the system of etiquette as the standard for studying Confucianism”.Howev⁃er,in his later years,Meng Wentong possessed a historical movement view of the Zhou-Qin Incident,pointing out that Qi School mixed various schools of thought,but instead reflected that Confucianism was a constantly developing theory.Comparing the different views of Meng Wentong on the debate between Qi and Lu Schools in his early and later years not only helps scholars to deeply grasp Meng′s academic path and ideological care,but also helps people to deeply understand the progress and innovation of Chinese civilization.