中美人工智能创新比较研究——国家创新能力理论视角的分析

Comparative Study on Artificial Intelligence Innovation between China and the United States

人工智能是国际科技竞争尤其是中美竞争焦点之一。根据国家创新能力理论,文章全方位分析比较了中美人工智能创新,认为全球人工智能创新已形成中国和美国组成的“一大一强”格局。中美人工智能创新政策既有共性,也存在显著差异。创新人才方面,美国人工智能人才规模更大、更有经验,高质量人才占有绝对优势,但中国人才规模和质量迅速提高,人才潜力巨大。创新资源方面,中美差距较小,且中国可能很快在算力和数据资源规模领域超过美国,但受限于美国打压,短期内中美在超算和风险投资领域的差距有可能被进一步拉大。知识创新方面,中国正在快速进步,美国仍拥有绝对优势地位。技术创新方面,中国在部分领域已具备比较优势,但在基础平台和关键硬件创新等领域仍“受制于美”,面临“卡脖子”风险。未来需要利用优势加快推动实现人工智能高水平自立自强。

Artificial intelligence is one of the focuses in international technological competition,especially between China and the United States.Based on the theory of national innovation capability,the article comprehensively analyzes and compares artificial intelligence innovation in China and the United States.The author concludes that global artificial intelligence innovation has formed a pattern of“one super country and one strong country”referring respectively to the United States and China.They have both similarities and significant differences in artificial intelligence innovation.First,the United States has a larger population of artificial intelligence talents who are more experienced and high-quality.So in terms of innovative talents,the United States has an absolute advantage.However,the number of talents in China is being rapidly increased,and their potential is enormous.Secondly,both China and the United States have adequate innovation resources.But China may soon surpass the United States in terms of computing power and data resource scale.However,due to the pressure from the United States,the gap between China and the United States in the fields of supercomputing and venture capital may be further widened in the short period of time.Thirdly,China is making rapid progress in knowledge innovation,but the United States still holds an absolute advantage.Fourthly,in terms of technological innovation,China already has advantages in some fields,but in areas such as basic platforms and key hardware innovation,it is still constrained by the United States and faces the risk of being stuck in the neck.At the end of the article,