液冷服务器在数据中心的应用研究

Research on the application of liquid cooling server in data centers

风冷服务器使用空气作为换热介质进行散热,制冷效率较低。同时,单芯片算力密度的增加和AI服务器的出现使得风冷散热逐渐成为瓶颈。液冷服务器使用工质水或者氟化液等液体作为换热介质,相同流量的液体相比空气散热能力有大幅提升,能够有效解决大功耗芯片和设备的散热问题,同时降低PUE值,逐步成为一种数据中心制冷新型解决方案。本文介绍了液冷技术的优势,分析了不同的液冷技术路线,提出了冷板式液冷服务器的技术要求和对机房环境的要求,为在数据中心部署液冷服务器提供了实践指导。

Air cooling server uses air as a heat exchange medium for heat dissipation,resulting in low cooling effi ciency.At the same time,the increasing density of single-chip computing power and the emergence of AI servers made air cooling gradually become a bottleneck.Liquid cooling server uses water or fl uorinated liquid as a heat exchange medium,signifi cantly improving heat dissipation compared to air with the same fl ow rate.This can eff ectively solve the heat dissipation issues of high-power chips and equipment,reduce PUE values,and gradually become a new solution in data centers.This article introduces the advantages of liquid cooling technology,analyzes different liquid cooling technology routes,and proposes technical requirements for cold plate liquid cooling server and environmental requirements,which can provide practical guidance for deploying liquid-cooled servers in data centers.