从话语到句法:并列连词“还有”的形成及其演变

From Discourse to Syntax:Evolution and Formation of Coordinating Conjunction Haiyou

并列连词“还有”在现代汉语中可分为词语连词“还有1”与句间连词“还有2”。两者都产生于明代,都由话语用法发展为连接成分,但彼此之间没有演变关系。重复义存在句“还有NP”在话语中追补主体句的宾语,形成并列结构“NP+VP+NP,还有NP”;“还有NP”整合进主体句后,“NP还有NP”充当“VP”中动词的宾语,“还有”重新分析为词语连词。重复义领属句“(言者)还有XP”处于话语过渡位置,浮现出连接附加的功能,丢失主语后发生习语化,形成话语标记“还有XP”;话语标记脱落“XP”后产生的“还有”再分析为句间连词。

The coordinating conjunction"Haiyou(还有)"can be classified into a NP-Conjunction"Haiyou1"and a S-Conjunction"Haiyou2"in modern Chinese.Both,emerging in the Ming Dynasty,have evolved from discourse usage to connecting components,but with no evolutionary links.The existential clause"Haiyou NP"with repeated meaning complements the object of the main clause in the discourse,forming a parallel structure of"NP+VP+NP,Haiyou NP".After the integration of"Haiyou NP"into the main clause,"NP Haiyou NP"became the object of"VP"and"Haiyou"was reanalyzed as a NP-Conjunction.The possessive clause"(speaker)Haiyou XP"with repeated meaning was in the transitional position of the discourse,where it generated the function of connecting and appending.After the loss of its subject,"Haiyou XP"was idiomatized as discourse markers.These markers lost"XP"and then S-Conjunction"Hai you"emerged.