从“时事批评机关”到“政策指导机关”:《向导》定位何以发生转变?

From Current Affairs Criticism Organs to Policy Guidance Organs:Why Did the Positioning of the Guide Change?

过去学界普遍认为,《向导》是首份中共中央机关报。然而,1924年中国共产党文件中才出现“中央机关报”的概念,此前其将《新青年》季刊、《前锋》《向导》《党报》《青年工人》《中国青年》《团镌》均视为“机关”,此后将《党报》《向导》《新青年》季刊、《中国工人》都视作中央机关报。在此过程中,中国共产党对《向导》的定位由“国内外时事的批评宣传机关”调整为“本党政策之指导机关”,这既有该报扩展党的议程设置,积极为党代言、连接群众、指导地方的内因,也有党根据其实际表现,相应给予经费、政策支持的外因。由此发现,中国共产党对报刊的身份赋予与定位调整,是一种双向互动过程。

In the past,the academic community generally believed that Guide was the first official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.However,the concept of central organ newspaper appeared in the documents of the CPC in 1924.Previously,it regarded the La Jeunesse,Qian Feng,Guide,Party Newspaper,Young Workers,Chinese Youth,and Youth League as organs.Later,it regarded the Party Newspaper,Guide,La Jeunesse,and Chinese Workers as central organ newspapers.In this process,the orientation of the CPC to the Guide has been adjusted from the criticism and propaganda organ of current events at home and abroad to the guiding organ of the partys policies.This is not only the internal reason why the newspaper expanded the partys agenda setting,actively spoke for the party,connected with the masses,and guided the local government,but also the external reason why the party,according to its actual performance,gave corresponding funds and policy support.It is thus found that the CPCs identity endowing and positioning adjustment of newspapers and periodicals is a two-way interactive process.