基于红外相机对湖南高望界国家级自然保护区野猪种群现状及生境选择研究

Population survey and habitat selection of Sus scrofa in HunanGaowangjie National Nature Reserve by infrared camera

通过探究湖南高望界自然保护区内野猪种群的现状及其生境选择偏好,为野生动物保护与疾病预防控制提供科学依据和决策支持。2021年1月—2022年5月,在高望界自然保护区内采用网格法与样线法相结合的方式布设87台红外相机,通过相对多度指数(RAI)、聚类分析及主成分分析等统计方法,对野猪的种群现状和生境选择进行了综合分析。在研究期间,野猪在红外相机监测点的出现率达到76.92%,相对多度指数(RAI)为4.43,估算种群规模约为1561头。月度相对多度指数分析显示,7月份为野猪活动的高峰期,而3月份活动相对较少。日活动节律分析揭示,野猪活动主要集中在6:00—8:00和16:00—18:00。在生境选择上,野猪偏好于在针阔混交林(占66.1%)、树高11~20 m(占61%)、郁闭度超过50%(占84.1%)以及灌木高度在2~4 m(占69.5%)的环境中活动。高望界自然保护区内的野猪种群数量较为丰富,分布广泛,且表现出明显的季节性活动规律和对特定生境类型的偏好。本研究通过红外相机技术对野猪种群进行了有效监测,并对其活动模式及生境偏好进行了深入分析,为后续的野猪生态学研究和保护管理工作提供了重要参考。

Based on the investigation of the current status of the Sus scrofa population and their habitat selection preferences within the Hunan Gaowangjie Nature Reserve,with the aim of providing scientific evidence and decision support for wildlife conservation and disease prevention and control.From January 2021 to May 2022,87 cameras were strategically placed within the Hunan Gaowangjie Nature Reserve using a combination of grid and transect sampling methods.Correlating population status and habitat of S.scrofa usingrelative abundance(shooting rate),cluster analysis and principal component analysis.During the study period,the occurrence rate of S.scrofa in the infrared camera monitoring sites reached 76.92%,and the relative abundance index RAI was 4.43,estimating the population size to be about 1561 animals.Monthly relative abundance index analysis revealed that July was the peak of S.scrofa activity,while activity was relatively low in March.The analysis of daily activity rhythms revealed that S.scrofa activities were mainly concentrated from 6:00 to 8:00 a.m.and from 16:00 to 18:00 p.m.In terms of habitat selection,S.scrofa preferred to move in mixed coniferous and broad forests(66.1%of the total),with tree heights of 11~20 m(61%of the total),with a degree of depression of more than 50%(84.1%of the total),and with shrub heights ranging 2~4 m(69.5%of the total).The S.scrofa population in the Hunan Gaowangjie Nature Reserve was relatively abundant and widely distributed,and showed obvious seasonal activity patterns and preference for specific habitat types.In this study,the S.scrofa population was effectively monitored by infrared camera technology,and its activity pattern and habitat preference were analyzed in depth,which provided an important reference for subsequent S.scrofa ecological research and conservation management.