靶向谷氨酰胺代谢治疗肿瘤及改善肿瘤微环境研究进展

Research progress in targeting glutamine metabolism for tumors therapy and improvement of tumor microenvironment

谷氨酰胺作为人体中最丰富的自由氨基酸,对多种生理过程起至关重要的作用,包括提供细胞能量、支持免疫系统功能、维持肠道健康以及辅助氮运输。正常生理条件下,肌肉组织是谷氨酰胺的主要合成和释放场所。谷氨酰胺被释放入血液中后,转运到肠道和免疫器官等发挥相应作用。然而,在疾病状态,尤其是肿瘤存在的情况下,谷氨酰胺的代谢和功能发生显著变化。谷氨酰胺的代谢产物可以作为信号分子,参与调节肿瘤细胞内多种信号传导途径,包括影响细胞生长、存活的mTOR和AMPK代谢途径等。本文对肿瘤细胞中谷氨酰胺参与的代谢步骤及谷氨酰胺阻断在肿瘤微环境中的作用进行综述。

Glutamine,as the most abundant free amino acid in the human body,plays a crucial role in various physiological processes.These functions include providing energy to cells,supporting immune system function,maintaining intestinal health,and playing a key role in nitrogen transport.Under normal physiological conditions,muscle tissue is the primary site for the synthesis and release of glutamine.After glutamine is released into the bloodstream,it will be transported to the intestines,immune organs or other tissues and play related roles.However,in a state of illness,especially in the presence of tumors,there are significant changes in the metabolism and function of glutamine.The glutamine metabolism can serve as signaling molecules and participates in regulating various signaling pathways within tumor cells,including key pathways that affect cell growth,survival,and metabolism,such as the mTOR and AMPK pathways.This paper reviews the metabolic steps involving glutamine in tumor cells and the role of glutamine blockade in the tumor microenvironment.