钠离子电池中硬碳负极的结构调控及研究进展

Structure control and research progress of hard carbon anodes in sodium-ion batteries

因地壳中丰富的钠资源和低廉的成本,钠离子电池(SIBs)成为了继锂离子电池(LIBs)后最有希望商业化的碱金属离子电池。硬碳材料具有较多的缺陷、丰富孔结构、较合适的嵌钠电位和较高的比容量等,因而被认为是最有潜力的SIBs负极材料之一。但是,实际应用中硬碳用作SIBs负极仍存在系列问题,如:初始库仑效率(ICE)低、倍率性能差和循环稳定性不理想等。基于此主要从孔结构调控、杂原子掺杂、硬-软(硬)碳复合这3个结构调控策略进行总结,为促进硬碳材料商业化提供思路。

Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have become the most promising commercially alkali-metal ion batteries after lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to the abundant sodium resources in the Earth's crust and the low cost.Hard carbon is considered as one of the most potential anode materials for SIBs because of its numerous defects,rich pore structure,suitable sodium intercalation potential,and high specific capacity.However,it still faces a series of issues in the practical application of hard carbon as SIBs anode,such as low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE),poor rate performance,and unsatisfactory cycling stability.Based on this,this review summarized three structural control strategies:pore structure control,doping of hetero-atoms,and hard-soft(hard)carbon composite,which provided insights to promote the commercialization of hard carbon materials.