船舶港口污染物控制方法与技术

Control Methods and Technologies for Pollutant in Ship Ports

船舶港口污染物主要源自作业船舶排放的废气,港口生产和生活产生的固体废弃物、废水和污水。但目前对其管理与治理存在短板。本文介绍了港口船舶污染的主要原因和危害及防控措施,并根据我国港口发展与建设应遵循的生态发展与环境治理并行的经济路线方针,提出相关解决措施和建议:一方面需对每类污染物制定特定的处理工艺,确保其对环境的响应最小化;另一方面需构建科学的港口环境系统管理模式和应急事故处理机制,实现港口环境治理的科学化与系统化;而且需编制国家和地方船舶港口的排放清单,进一步强化水运港口污染治理控制力度。

Ship port pollutants mainly come from the exhaust gas emitter by operating ships,as well as the solid waste,wastewater and sewage generated by port production and life.However,there are currently shortcomings in the management and treatment.This paper introduces the main causes,hazards and prevention and control measures of port ship pollution,and puts forward relevant solutions and suggestions according to the economic route of ecological development and environmental governance that should be followed in port development and construction in China:On the one hand,specific treatment processes must be developed for each type of pollutant to ensure that its response to the environment is minimized;On the other hand,it is necessary to establish a scientific port environmental system management model and emergency accident handling mechanism to achieve scientific and systematic port environmental governance;Moreover,it is necessary to compile emission inventories for national and local ship ports,and further strengthen the pollution control efforts of water transport ports.