不同技术路线下的三元黑粉回收工艺对比论述

Comparative Discussion on Ternary Black Powder Recovery Processes Under Different Technical Routes

对行业内三种最常见的黑粉处理工艺进行了详细阐述和对比。硫酸化焙烧使锂在高温条件下浸出,并通过后续的水浸方式使锂与钴镍等进行分离,含锂溶液经除杂后进入锂沉淀工序,钴镍渣则进入常规湿法冶金系统进行处理。还原焙烧路线利用氢气等还原性物质,在高温下使三价钴镍还原为单质,再通过水浸法使离子态锂与金属态的钴镍分离,含锂溶液在除杂后进行锂提取,单质态钴镍则进入常规湿法冶金系统进行回收处理。全溶-萃取法则直接将黑粉溶解后,经过浸出段粗除杂和萃取精除杂,再对萃取液蒸发提浓后进行锂沉淀,从而达到锂回收的目的。

A detailed explanation and comparison were made on the three most common black powder treatment processes in the industry.Sulfation roasting leaches lithium under high temperature conditions,and separates lithium from cobalt and nickel through subsequent water leaching.The lithium containing solution enters the lithium precipitation process after impurity removal,while cobalt and nickel slag enters the conventional hydrometallurgical system for treatment.The reduction roasting route utilizes reducing substances such as hydrogen gas to reduce trivalent cobalt and nickel to a single substance at high temperatures.Then,the ionic lithium is separated from the metallic cobalt and nickel by water immersion method.The lithium containing solution is purified after impurity removal,and the single cobalt and nickel are recycled and treated in a conventional hydrometallurgical system.The complete dissolution extraction method directly dissolves the black powder,undergoes rough impurity removal and extraction fine impurity removal in the leaching section,and then evaporates and concentrates the residual solution for lithium precipitation,thereby achieving the goal of lithium recovery.