危险化学品道路运输泄漏事故危险性分析

Risk Analysis of Leakage Accidents in Road Transport of Hazardous Chemicals

近几年随着危险化学品的生产使用及运输需求逐渐增大,危险化学品道路运输过程成为交通运输过程中一大重要关注点,运输过程中一旦泄漏极易引发火灾爆炸事故。为了防控危险化学品泄漏带来的事故危害,利用ALOHA对液化石油气储罐道路运输泄漏后的热辐射强度、毒气扩散范围进行定量模拟,结果显示泄漏导致的蒸气云爆炸事故影响范围最广且破坏性最为严重,可能对半径856 m环形区域内的建筑及人员造成不同程度的冲击波,同时发现环境风速与毒气扩散范围呈负相关,利用ALOHA对各点位进行观测得出气体泄漏浓度随时间变化范围。ALOHA模拟可以有效降低事故损失,为应急救援提供理论指导和技术支持。

In recent years,with the increasing demand for the production,use and transportation of hazardous chemicals,road transportation of hazardous chemicals has become a major concern in the transportation process.Once leakage occurs in the transportation process,it is very easy to cause fire and explosion accidents.In order to prevent and control the accident hazards caused by the leakage of hazardous chemicals,ALOHA was used to quantitatively simulate the thermal radiation intensity and toxic gas diffusion range after the leakage of road transportation of LPG storage tanks.The results show that the vapor cloud explosion accident caused by the leakage has the widest impact range and is the most destructive,which may cause shock waves of varying degrees to buildings and personnel in the annular area with a radius of 856 m.At the same time,it was found that there was a negative correlation between the ambient wind speed and the poison gas diffusion range.ALOHA was used to observe the range of gas leakage concentration over time at various points.ALOHA simulation can effectively reduce accident losses and provide theoretical guidance and technical support for emergency rescue.