乡村收缩的内涵界定与测度研究

A Research on the Connotation Definition and Measurement of Shrinking Village

乡村收缩是我国城乡结构转化进程中呈现的新现象。文章首先从概念层面阐释了乡村收缩的内涵,梳理了我国乡村收缩需要重点把握的逻辑线索,进而通过文献调查和实地调研,以甘肃省为例从县域尺度对乡村收缩程度进行测度,从乡村人口、经济和社会三个维度揭示其形成机理。研究发现:(1)乡村收缩在不同语境其内涵可能存在差异,但其本质均是青壮年劳动力的过度流失;(2)2000年、2010年、2020年甘肃省乡村收缩指数均值呈现动态大幅度上升趋势,分别为26.11%、38.97%、49.98%,且上升趋势具有比较显著的空间差异性;(3)城乡二元结构下,资源禀赋和地理区位、经济发展与要素流动、历史基础与社会文化、政策安排与治理能力都对乡村收缩有影响。新时代我国应从振兴县域经济出发,依靠产业聚集、人才引进、资金筹措、城乡融合的政策组合来回应乡村收缩现象。

Shrinking Village is a new phenomenon emerged in the process of urban and rural structure transformation in China.This paper first explains the connotation of shrinking village in conceptual level,and sorts out the major logical clues to be grasped to understand shrinking village in China.Further more in the empirical level,three indexes of migration rate,degree of fiscal transfer payment dependency,and old population coefficient are selected from three dimensions of rural population,economy and society.Based on this,the shrinking village degree is measured,and its mechanism is studied in the county level,by taking Gansu Province as an example.The research findings include:first,the connotation of shrinking village may be different in different contexts,but its essence is the excessive transfer of young and middle-aged labor force;second,the average shrinking village indexes in Gansu Province showed a fluctuating and substantially rising trend in 2000,2010 and 2020,which were 26.11%,38.97%and 49.98%respectively,but the rising trend had significant spatial differences;third,under the urban-rural dual structure,resource endowment,geographical location,economic development,factor mobility,historical foundation,social culture,policy system,and governance capacity all exert an impact on shrinking village.In the new era,China should start from the revitalization of county economy,and rely on the policy mix of industrial agglomeration,talent introduction,fund raising,and urban-rural integration to deal with shrinking village.