功能性消化不良与内脏高敏感性相关性的研究进展

A review on the correlation between functional dyspepsia and visceral hypersensitivity

功能性消化不良是一种常见的消化系统疾病,具有反复发作、迁延难愈的特点,临床表现为慢性或反复的上腹部疼痛、腹胀、恶心、呕吐和腹泻等症状。其发病机制与内脏高敏感性、胃肠动力障碍、幽门螺杆菌感染、胃酸分泌增加、微生物失调、精神障碍等多种因素相关。近年来,由于生活节奏加快和饮食结构改变,该病发病率不断上升,引起了临床工作者的广泛关注。内脏高敏感性作为功能性消化不良的一个重要病理机制,发病原因极为复杂,主要由中枢敏感性增高、受体激活、递质释放等引起。西医治疗该病侧重于对神经递质及受体进行干预,同时也注重患者心理对疾病进展程度的影响,采用多种药物联合,可有效降低患者内脏高敏感性引起的一系列不良反应,并改善生活质量。中医药治疗功能性消化不良有独特的优势,能够多维度、多层面、多靶点的整体性调节。目前,对于功能性消化不良与内脏高敏感性之间的关系,以及中医药干预措施的研究,仍处于探索初期。探讨功能性消化不良与内脏高敏感性之间的关系,对于指导临床治疗以及新药研发有一定意义。文章从内脏高敏感性角度出发,全面搜集和整理了相关文献,系统梳理了当前关于内脏高敏感性与功能性消化不良之间关系的研究进展,为今后深入探索二者之间的关系提供理论依据,也为功能性消化不良的针对性治疗提供新思路。

Functional dyspepsia,a common disease of the digestive system,is characterised by recurrent and prolonged episodes.Its clinical manifestations include chronic or recurrent epigastric pain,bloating,nausea,vomiting and diarrhoea.Its pathogenesis is related to various factors such as visceral hypersensitivity,gastrointestinal motility disorders,Helicobacter pylori infection,increased gastric acid secretion,microbial dysbiosis and mental disorders.In recent years,the increasing incidence of the disease due to the accelerated pace of life and changes of diet structure has attracted widespread attention from clinical practitioners.Visceral hypersensitivity is an important pathological mechanism of functional dyspepsia.The pathogenesis is extremely complex,mainly caused by increased central sensitivity,receptor activation,transmitter release,etc..In terms of the treatment,Western medicine focuses on interventions on neurotransmitters and receptors,and also pays attenttion to the influence of psychological status of patients on the degree of disease progression.The use of a variety of medicines can effectively reduce a series of adverse reactions caused by visceral hypersensitivity,and improve the quality of life of patients.TCM has unique advantages in the treatment of functional dyspepsia,as it is able to provide a multidimensional,multi-faceted and multi-targeted holistic approach.Currently,research on the relationship between functional dyspepsia and visceral hypersensitivity,as well as TCM interventions,is still in the early stages of exploration.Exploring the relationship between functional dyspepsia and visceral hypersensitivity has implications for guiding clinical treatment of the disease as well as new medicine development.In this paper,from the perspective of visceral hypersensitivity,the relevant literature is comprehensively collected and collated,and the current research progress on the relationship between visceral hypersensitivity and functional dyspepsia is systematically reviewed,providing a theoretical basis for a more in-depth exploration of the relationship between the two in the future,and also providing new ideas for the targeted treatment of functional dyspepsia.