正负压气吸式精量排种器设计与试验

Design and test of positive and negative pressure air-suction seed-metering device

为了更好地适配非圆小籽粒种子的播种,解决机械式排种器易伤种,对种子尺寸适应性差的问题,设计了1种正负压气吸式精量排种器。根据农艺要求对排种器整体进行了设计;同时以小麦为研究对象,通过单因素试验,分析了吸种负压、排种器转速以及投种高度3个因素对排种器性能的影响;通过响应面试验,得到了较优的参数组合:吸种负压为-3.5 kPa,排种器转速为19 r/min,投种高度为180 mm;对最优参数下精量排种器进行台架试验,结果表明,合格率为80.62%,重播率为9.22%,漏播率为10.16%。符合JB/T—10293—2013《单粒(精密)播种机技术条件》的要求。

In order to solve the problems of seed damage and poor adaptability to seed size of the mechanical seed metering device,an air-suction precision seed metering device was designed.The seed metering device was designed according to the agronomic requirements.Wheat seed was applied for experiments.The single factor test was employed to analyze the effects of negative pressure of seed suction,rotation speed and seeding height on the performance of the seed metering device.And the optimal parameter combination was obtained through the response surface experiments:negative pressure of seed suction was-3.5 kPa;rotaion speed was 19 r/min;and seeding height was 180 mm.The optimized parameters were used for the test,and the final results were as follows:the qualified rate was 80.62%;the replay rate was 9.22%;and the missed rate was 10.16%.Our results suggested that the air-suction precision seed metering device meets the requirements of JB/T—10293—2013 Technical conditions of single seed(precision)seeder.