自动化硬枝切腹接嫁接机设计与试验

Design and experiment of automated hard branch side grafting machine

针对育苗企业手工嫁接中存在工人劳动强度高、嫁接效率低和嫁接质量难以控制等问题,设计了1种多工位自动化硬枝切腹接嫁接机。通过分析各种硬枝嫁接方法的特点,采用“切腹接法”作为自动化硬枝嫁接的农艺方法。针对“切腹接法”易出现砧木劈裂问题,对切腹切口形式进行改进,并结合农艺要求及苗木成活机理,基于ABAQUS有限元分析,建立砧木与接穗短切面间的接触应力模型,仿真结果验证了改进嫁接方案的可行性。在此基础上,根据规范化嫁接技术要求和生产效率要求设计硬枝嫁接机,包含破砧装置和削穗装置,能够实现自动对中、定位、夹紧、切削、退刀等一系列工序,并设计规划嫁接工作流程。最后,进行样机的搭建与嫁接试验。试验结果表明,该嫁接机在自动化硬枝嫁接过程中稳定运行,平均效率为660株/h,平均成功率为98%,达到了育苗企业的作业要求。

Artificial seedling is of high labour intensity,low efficiency and difficult to control grafting quality in seedling raising enterprises.Therefore,a multi station automatic machine was designed for hard branch cutting and grafting.The"Side grafting method"was adopted as the agronomic method of automatic hardwood grafting after compering the characteristics of various hardwood grafting methods.In order to solve the problem of rootstock splitting in the"side grafting method",the form of abdominal incision is improved.Then a contact stress model between rootstock and scion short section was established based on ABAQUS finite element analysis considering the agronomic requirements and seedling survival mechanism,from which the simulation results verified the feasibility of the improved grafting scheme.Subsequently,the hard branch grafting machine was designed according to the requirements of standardized grafting technology and production efficiency.The machine included rootstock cutting device and scion cutting device,which can realize a series of processes such as automatic centering,positioning,clamping,cutting and tool withdrawal,and plan the grafting workflow.Finally,the prototype is built and tested.The experimental results showed that the grafting machine operated stably in the process of automatic hard branch grafting with an average efficiency of 660 plants/h and an average success rate of 98%,which can meet the operation requirements of seedling enterprises.