4世纪末-6世纪中叶北方草原政权盛衰连环性——以高车、柔然、突厥为例

The Successive Rise and Fall of the Northern Grassland Regime from the End of the 4th Century to the Middle of the 6th Century: Taking Gaoche, Rouran, Turk for Examples

北方草原政权盛衰连环性贯穿各方势力历史发展始终,4世纪末—6世纪中叶高车、柔然、突厥三者间的盛衰关系尤为明显。柔然自兴起后与拓跋鲜卑斗争不断,其间不乏与高车等周边民族的互相攻伐。高车归附使柔然势力大增,其反叛又使柔然极盛转衰。北魏分裂后柔然再度崛起,成为东、西魏竞相拉拢对象,柔然亦周旋其间从中渔利。北朝后期原本依附于柔然的突厥强势崛起并最终覆灭柔然。高车、柔然、突厥三族的关系集中体现在柔然的盛衰过程中,北朝政权与草原政权的交往也受此连环性影响。

After the rise of Rouran,it engaged in constant conflicts with Tuoba Xianbei.There were also reciprocal attacks between Rouran and Gaoche,as well as other neighboring ethnic groups.The submission of Gaoche greatly bolstered the power of Rouran,while its rebellion led to the decline of Rouran.Following the division of Northern Wei,Rouran experienced a resurgence and became a focal point for competition between Eastern and Western Wei,which Rouran skillfully exploited.During the later period of the Northern Dynasty,the Turks who had been subordinate to Rouran emerged as a formidable force and ultimately vanquished their former overlords.The intricate relationship among Gaoche,Rouran,and Turkic tribes was manifested in the rise and fall of Rouran;moreover,this chain significantly influenced communication between the Northern Dynasty and grassland regimes.