枳壳及其活性成分调节胃肠动力作用机制研究进展

Mechanism of Aurantii Fructus and Its Active Components in Regulating Gastrointestinal Motility:A Review

胃肠动力紊乱是消化系统病变的重要原因,患者常出现恶心、呕吐、胃滞留、胃瘫和便秘等诸多症状,生活质量严重降低。临床实践常规应用促胃肠动力药物治疗,长期服用易出现疗效减退与不良反应增多等问题。鉴于胃肠道疾病发病率近年在全球范围内持续攀升,临床急需研发安全有效的治疗策略。传统中药枳壳,具有梳理气机、消除胀满的功效,用于治疗胃肠道疾病已有千百年历史。现代临床主要用于功能性消化不良、功能性便秘、肠易激综合征等多种胃肠疾病的治疗及辅助治疗,疗效显著,常规用药无不良反应报道,可极大改善胃肠疾病患者临床症状,提高生活品质。现代研究揭示,枳壳活性成分众多,其中黄酮类成分含量和种类最多,是枳壳调节胃肠运动的主要活性成分;枳壳及其活性成分可通过影响胃肠激素、神经途径、Cajal间质细胞等多重机制,调整胃肠动力,纠正胃肠动力紊乱,显示出在治疗胃肠动力紊乱疾病的潜在应用价值,但枳壳在该方面的综合分析尚有欠缺。基于此,该研究总结了枳壳提取物及其黄酮、挥发油、生物碱、香豆素类活性成分调节胃肠动力的药理活性,并深入挖掘其作用机制的最新研究进展,归纳了枳壳的不良反应,旨在为枳壳及其活性成分在胃肠动力调节研究与临床应用方面提供科学依据。

Gastrointestinal motility disorder is an important cause of digestive system diseases.Patients often suffer from nausea,vomiting,gastric retention,gastroparesis,constipation,and many other symptoms,and their quality of life is seriously reduced.Prokinetic agents are routinely used in clinical practice,but their long-term use is prone to problems such as reduced efficacy and increased adverse reactions.Since the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases has continued to rise globally in recent years,there is an urgent need for clinical development of safe and effective treatment strategies.Aurantii Fructus,a traditional Chinese medicine,has the effect of smoothing Qi and eliminating distention,and it has been used to treat gastrointestinal diseases for thousands of years.In modern clinical practice,it is mainly used for the treatment and auxiliary treatment of various gastrointestinal diseases such as functional dyspepsia,functional constipation,and irritable bowel syndrome.The efficacy is remarkable,and no adverse reactions have been reported at conventional doses.Therefore,it can greatly improve the symptoms of patients with gastrointestinal diseases and improve their quality of life.Modern research has revealed that there are many active components in Aurantii Fructus,among which flavonoids have the highest content and the most types.Flavonoids are the main active components in Aurantii Fructus to regulate gastrointestinal motility.Aurantii Fructus and its active components can affect gastrointestinal hormones,neural pathways,Cajal mesenchymal cells,and other multiple mechanisms.They can adjust gastrointestinal motility and correct gastrointestinal motility disorders,showing potential application value in the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders.However,a comprehensive analysis of Aurantii Fructus in this aspect is still lacking.This study summarized the pharmacological activities of active components of Aurantii Fructus extract and its flavonoids,volatile oils,alkaloids,and coumarin on the regulation of gastrointestinal motility and explored the latest research progress on its mechanism.Finally,the adverse reactions of Aurantii Fructus were summarized.It aims to provide a scientific basis for the research and clinical application of Aurantii Fructus and its active components in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility.