服务化与制造业全球价值链生产工序优化

Servitization and Optimization of Production Process in GVC of Manufacturing Industry

本文在科学测度服务化和制造业全球价值链生产工序偏优指数的基础上,从多维度剖析服务化对发展中国家制造业全球价值链生产工序优化的作用机理,并进一步从自身需求视角检验服务化的国际供应链风险效应。研究结果表明:服务化对制造业全球价值链生产工序具有动态持续优化功能。为此,服务化具有推进产业基础高级化和产业链现代化的“强链”效应,能推动制造业从全球价值链边缘工序走向核心工序。服务化不仅有助于提升人力资本和产品技术含量,还有助于提升政府的支持力度,这三个渠道也使服务化对制造业全球价值链生产工序优化表现出显著的正向效应。服务化会使一国制造业面临集中度更高的国际供应商,从而对本国制造业的国际供应链安全产生不利影响。因此,介入全球价值链高端工序的经济体既需大力提升核心中间品的自给能力,也需加强与国际供应商的合作关系。服务化程度偏低与制造业全球价值链生产工序偏优指数偏高共存的窘境表明,中国服务资源并未充分发挥其促进全球价值链生产工序优化的功能。这不仅造成了服务资源的低效配置与浪费,还导致制造业全球价值链生产工序攀升乏力。为此,中国加快服务化步伐的迫切性要远高于普通发展中国家。

Based on the scientific measurement of servitization and GVC production process optimization index, this article analyzes the mechanism of servitization on the optimization of GVC production processes in the manufacturing industry of developing countries from multiple dimensions, and further examines the risk effect of servitization on the international supply chain from the perspective of its own demands. The conclusions are:servitization has a continuous optimization function for the production process in GVC. For this reason, servitization has the “strong chain” effect of promoting the upgrading of the industrial base and the modernization of the industrial chain, and can promote the manufacturing industry from verge processes to core processes. Servitization not only helps to improve human capital and technology content of the products, but also helps to increase government support. These three channels also make servitization play a significant role in optimizing the production process in GVC. Servitization will make a country face more concentrated international suppliers, which will have an adverse impact on the security of the international supply chain of the country. Therefore, economies involved in the highend processes of GVC need to improve their self-supply capabilities in core intermediate goods, also need to strengthen cooperative relationships with international suppliers. The low degree of servitization and the high production process index in GVC of manufacturing industry coexist in China. This shows that Chinese service resources have not fully exerted their function in promoting the GVC production process, which not only resulted in waste of service resources, but also led to the inability to upgrade the production process of manufacturing GVC. For this reason, China's urgency to speed up the pace of servitization is higher than that of ordinary developing countries.