电商扶贫供应链的模式及运作机制研究

The Mode and Operational Mechanisms of E-commerce Poverty Alleviation Supply Chain

在现实中,电商扶贫供应链存在两种典型模式——“电商+农户”和“电商+合作社+农户”。在“电商+农户”模式下,农户直接与电商对接,收购价由电商决定;在“电商+合作社+农户”模式下,农户组建合作社与电商对接,合作社与电商谈判收购价。针对这两种典型模式,本文构建了考虑合作社管理成本和电商社会责任的扶贫供应链博弈模型,通过分析不同模式的运作机理,提出了农户和电商选择不同模式的市场条件。研究发现:(1)加入合作社后,农户更有意愿扩大种植面积。(2)合作社的管理成本越低或者农户的产出风险厌恶程度越高,农户越偏好“电商+合作社+农户”模式。(3)只有当电商社会责任感较弱时,农户和电商才有共同偏好,且当合作社的管理成本较低时,双方共同偏好“电商+合作社+农户”模式;而当合作社的管理成本较高时,双方共同偏好“电商+农户”模式;当电商的社会责任感较强时,双方不存在共同偏好。论文的研究结论可以为更好地推动电商扶贫提供决策借鉴。

There are two typical modes in the e-commerce poverty alleviation supply chain.One is“e-commerce+farmers”mode,where each farmer cooperates with the e-commerce directly as a wholesale price taker.The other is“e-commerce+cooperative+farmers”mode,under which farmers establish a cooperative first and then the cooperate negotiates the wholesale price with the e-commerce.A game model of poverty alleviation supply chain considering the e-commerce’s social responsibility and the cooperative’s cost of management is developed to analyze the operational mechanisms of these two different modes.The optimal choices of both farmers and the e-commerce facing different market conditions are discussed.The results show that:(1)Farmers are more willing to expand the planting area within a cooperative.(2)The lower the cooperative’s cost of management or the higher farmers’risk aversion,the more likely farmers will choose the“e-commerce+cooperative+farmers”mode.(3)Only when the e-commerce’s degree of social responsibility is weak,will farmers and the e-commerce have the same preference of the mode.More specifically,when the cooperative’s cost of management is relatively low(high),both farmers and the e-commerce will prefer the“e-commerce+cooperative+farmers”mode(the“e-commerce+farmers”mode).When the e-commerce’s degree of social responsibility is strong,farmers and the e-commerce will not have the same preference of the mode.Our analysis leads new managerial insights for the development of e-commerce poverty alleviation.