山东省新型冠状病毒奥密克戎变异株阳性感染者疾病严重程度影响因素分析

Analysis on influencing factors on disease severity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infected persons in Shandong province

目的探讨新型冠状病毒(以下简称新冠病毒)奥密克戎变异株感染者的疾病严重程度及其影响因素,为制定针对性防控措施提供科学依据。方法回顾性收集2022年1月1日-5月30日山东省部分地市新冠病毒肺炎定点医院收治的奥密克戎变异株感染者资料,按疾病严重程度进行临床分型,分析不同年龄、核酸转阴时间、住院时间、接种新冠病毒疫苗剂次感染者的疾病严重程度差异。采用多因素二元logistic回归分析奥密克戎变异株感染者疾病严重程度的影响因素。结果共纳入新冠病毒奥密克戎变异株感染者573名,临床分型包括无症状感染者315人(55.0%)、轻型感染者214人(37.3%)、普通型感染者44人(7.7%)、重型感染者0人(0%)。已进行疫苗加强接种397人(69.3%),未进行加强接种176人(30.7%)。573名感染者中,83.6%(479/573)的感染者年龄集中在18~69岁年龄段。不同年龄段感染者的疾病严重程度差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=17.775,P<0.01),不同核酸转阴时间感染者的疾病严重程度差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=13.693,P<0.01),不同住院时间感染者的疾病严重程度差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.331,P>0.05),已加强接种组与未加强接种组感染者的疾病严重程度差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.267,P<0.05)。多因素二元logistic回归分析显示,核酸转阴时间8~14d(OR=0.416,95%CI:0.243~0.712,P<0.05)和接种新冠病毒疫苗加强针(OR=0.588,95%CI:0.386~0.895,P<0.05)是奥密克戎变异株感染者的保护因素。结论新冠病毒奥密克戎变异株感染者的年龄以18~69岁为主,临床分型以无症状感染者为主,核酸转阴时间及接种新冠病毒疫苗加强针是感染者疾病严重程度的影响因素。

Objective To explore the disease severity and influencing factors of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant patients,so as to provide scientific basis for targeted prevention and control measures.Methods Retrospectively collected and analyzed the data of Omicron variant patients admitted to designated hospitals for COVID-19 in some cities of Shandong province from January 1 to May 30,2022,and clinical classification was performed according to disease severity.The differences in disease severity among infected persons of different ages,nucleic acid conversion times,hospitalization times,and vaccination doses were analyzed.Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing the severity of disease in Omicron variant patients.Results A total of 573 Omicron variant patients were included,the clinical classification included 315(55.0%)asymptomatic patients,214(37.3%)mild patients,44(7.7%)common patients,and 0(0%)severe patients.There were 397(69.3%)people have received booster vaccination,while 176(30.7%)people have not received booster vaccination.Among the 573 patients,83.6%(479/573)were concentrated in the 18-69 years old age group.There were significant differences in the severity of the disease among different age groups(χ^(2)=17.775,P<0.01).There were significant differences in the severity of the disease in patients with different nucleic acid turning negative time(χ^(2)=13.693,P<0.01).There was no significant difference in asymptomatic infection and mild/common infection among patients with different hospital stay(χ^(2)=3.331,P>0.05).There was a significant difference in the severity of disease between the booster group and the non-booster group(χ^(2)=6.267,P<0.05).The results of multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that nucleic acid negative time of 8-14 days(OR=0.416,95%CI:0.243-0.712,P<0.05)and vaccination booster(OR=0.588,95%CI:0.386-0.895,P<0.05)were protective factors for Omicron variant patients.Conclusion The age of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant patients were mainly 18-69 years old,and the clinical classification was mainly asymptomatic patients,nucleic acid negative time and vaccination booster were the influencing factors of disease severity in patients.