2018-2021年山东省平度市蚊虫监测及生态学特征分析

Analysis on mosquito surveillance and ecological characterization in Pingdu city,Shandong province from 2018 to 2021

目的了解山东省平度市蚊虫种类、分布、密度和季节消长特征,为蚊虫及蚊媒传染病防控提供科学依据。方法2018-2021年每年1-12月,随机选取山东省平度市居民区、公园、医院、农户和牲畜棚等生境,采用诱蚊灯法监测蚊密度;每年5-10月份,随机选取居民区、公园/竹林、旧轮胎堆放地/废品站/工地等生境,通过双层叠帐法监测蚊密度。结果诱蚊灯法监测显示,2018-2021年共捕获雌蚊6549只,平均蚊密度为1.32只/(台·夜),以淡色库蚊为优势种群(占92.44%),其他依次为中华按蚊(占2.26%)、白纹伊蚊(占0.83%)和三带喙库蚊(占0.29%);居民区、公园、医院、民房和牲畜棚成蚊密度依次为1.50、1.00、1.44、0.50、2.63只/(台·夜),不同生境蚊密度间的差异无统计学意义(H=0.498,P=0.974),不同生境蚊种构成间的差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=142.092,P=0.000)。双层叠帐法监测显示,2018-2021年共捕获雌蚊319只,均为白纹伊蚊,平均蚊密度为1.33[只/(顶·h)];居民区、公园/竹林、旧轮胎堆放地/废品站/工地平均蚊密度依次为1.38、1.50、2.00[只/(顶·h)],不同生境蚊密度之间的差异无统计学意义(H=0.081,P=0.960)。成蚊密度高峰集中在7-9月,季节性特征明显。结论2018-2021年平度市优势蚊种为淡色库蚊,蚊密度呈现明显的季节消长趋势,成蚊活动主要集中在7-9月份,存在登革热等蚊媒传染病暴发流行的风险。

Objective To understand the characteristics of mosquito species,distribution,density and seasonal fluctuation trend in Pingdu city,Shandong province,so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne infectious diseases.Methods From January to December during 2018 and 2021,residential areas,parks,hospitals,farmers and livestock sheds were randomly selected and monitored by mosquito trapping lamp method.And from May to October during 2018 and 2021,3 kinds of habitats,such as residential area,park/bamboo forest,old tire stacking site/scrap station/construction site,were randomly selected to monitor the vector by double-layer stacking method.Results Monitoring results of mosquito trapping lamp method showed that a total of 6549 female mosquitoes were captured from 2018 to 2021,and the average mosquito density was 1.32 mosquitoes/(lightonight).Culex pipiens pallens was the dominant population(92.44%),followed by Anopheles sinensis(2.26%),Aedes albopictus(0.83%)and Culex tritaeniorhynchus(0.29%).The mosquito density in residential areas,parks,hospitals,houses and livestock sheds was 1.50,1.00,1.44,0.50 and 2.63 mosquitoes/(lightonight),respectively.There was no significant difference in mosquito density among different habitats(H=0.498,P=0.974),but there was significant difference in mosquito species composition among different habitats(χ^(2)=142.092,P=0.000).Monitoring results of double-layer stacking method showed that a total of 319 female mosquitoes were captured from 2018 to 2021,all of them were Aedes albopictus,the average mosquito density was 1.33 mosquitoes/(netohour).The average mosquito density in residential area,park/bamboo forest,old tire stacking site/junkyard/construction site was 1.38,1.50 and 2.00 mosquitoes/(netohour),respectively.There was no significant difference in mosquito density among different habitats(H=0.081,P=0.960).Peak adult mosquito densities were concentrated in July-September,with seasonality evident.Conclusion From 2018 to 2021,the dominant mosquito species in Pingdu was Culex pipiens pallens,and the density of mosquitoes showed clear seasonal fluctuations,with the peak of activities occurring between July and October for adult mosquito.There is a risk of outbreaks of mosquito-borne infectious diseases such as dengue fever.